Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁éh₁tmō

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁eh₁t-

Proto-Indo-European *-mō

Proto-Indo-European *h₁éh₁tmō

From *h₁eh₁t- (“to breathe”) + *-mō (noun-forming suffix).

Noun

*h₁éh₁tmō^[1]^[2]^[3]

breath, spirit

Declension

Athematic, amphikinetic
	singular
nominative	*h₁éh₁tmō
genitive	*h₁h₁tm̥nés
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*h₁éh₁tmō	*h₁éh₁tmonh₁(e)	*h₁éh₁tmones
vocative	*h₁éh₁tmon	*h₁éh₁tmonh₁(e)	*h₁éh₁tmones
accusative	*h₁éh₁tmonm̥	*h₁éh₁tmonh₁(e)	*h₁éh₁tmonm̥s
genitive	*h₁h₁tm̥nés	*?	*h₁h₁tm̥nóHom
ablative	*h₁h₁tm̥nés	*?	h₁h₁tmn̥mós, h₁h₁tmn̥bʰós
dative	*h₁h₁tm̥néy	*?	h₁h₁tmn̥mós, h₁h₁tmn̥bʰós
locative	h₁h₁tmén, h₁h₁tméni	*?	*h₁h₁tmn̥sú
instrumental	*h₁h₁tm̥néh₁	*?	h₁h₁tmn̥mís, h₁h₁tmn̥bʰís

Descendants

Proto-Germanic: *ēþmô (“breath, spirit”) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HáHtmā (“breath; soul, self”) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Tocharian: *āñcäme (“wish, self, soul”) (conflation with PIE *h₂enh₁mos (“breath”)^[4])
- Tocharian A: āñcäm
- Tocharian B: āñme

References

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “*ēt-mén-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 345
^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) “*h₁eh₁tmén-”, in The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, pages 187, 189, 190
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*ēþman- ~ *ēdman-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 119-120
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “āñcäm”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN

[IEW-1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “*ēt-mén-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 345

[2] Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) “*h₁eh₁tmén-”, in The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, pages 187, 189, 190

[3] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*ēþman- ~ *ēdman-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 119-120

[4] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “āñcäm”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN

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