ܩܕܡ

See also: ܩܪܡ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology 1

Root
ܩ ܕ ܡ (q d m)
12 terms

From Aramaic קְדַם (qəḏam); related to Arabic قَدَمَ (qadama) and Hebrew קָדַם (kadám).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [qɑːðeːm]
• (Nineveh Plains) IPA^(key): [qɑːðɪmː]
• (Urmia) IPA^(key): [qɑːdɪmː]

Verb

ܩܵܕ݂ܹܡ • (qāḏēm)

1. to precede, to come before

Conjugation

Conjugation of ܩܵܕ݂ܹܡ

gerund	ܒܸܩܕ݂ܵܡܵܐ (biqḏāmā)
verbal noun	ܩܕ݂ܵܡܵܐ (qḏāmā)
		singular				plural
passive participle	m	ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡܵܐ (qḏīmā)				ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡܹ̈ܐ (qḏīmē)
	f	ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡܬܵܐ (qḏīmtā)
agent noun	m	ܩܵܕ݂ܘܿܡܵܐ (qāḏōmā)				ܩܵܕ݂ܘܿܡܹ̈ܐ (qāḏōmē)
	f	ܩܵܕ݂ܘܿܡܬܵܐ (qāḏōmtā)				ܩܵܕ݂ܘܿܡܝ̈ܵܬ݂ܵܐ (qāḏōmyāṯā)
instance noun		ܩܕ݂ܵܡܬܵܐ (qḏāmtā)				ܩܕ݂ܵܡ̈ܝܵܬ݂ܵܐ (qḏāmyāṯā)
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡ ܠܝܼ (qḏīm lī)	ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡ ܠܘܼܟ݂ (qḏīm lōḵ)	ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡ ܠܹܗ (qḏīm lēh)	ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡ ܠܲܢ (qḏīm lan)	ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡ ܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (qḏīm lāwḵōn)	ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡ ܠܗܘܿܢ (qḏīm lhōn)
	f		ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡ ܠܵܟ݂ܝ (qḏīm lāḵ)	ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡ ܠܵܗ̇ (qḏīm lāh)
non-past	m	ܩܵܕ݂ܡܹܢ (qāḏmēn)	ܩܵܕ݂ܡܹܬ (qāḏmēt)	ܩܵܕ݂ܹܡ (qāḏēm)	ܩܵܕ݂ܡܲܚ (qāḏmaḥ)	ܩܵܕ݂ܡܝܼܬܘܿܢ (qāḏmītōn)	ܩܵܕ݂ܡܝܼ (qāḏmī)
	f	ܩܵܕ݂ܡܵܢ (qāḏmān)	ܩܵܕ݂ܡܵܬܝ (qāḏmāt)	ܩܵܕ݂ܡܵܐ (qāḏmā)
imperative	m		ܩܕ݂ܘܿܡ (qḏōm)			ܩܕ݂ܘܿܡܘܼܢ (qḏōmūn)
	f		ܩܕ݂ܘܿܡܝ (qḏōm)
passive past	m	ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡܸܢ (qḏīmin)	ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡܸܬ (qḏīmit)	ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡ (qḏīm)	ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡܸܚ (qḏīmiḥ)	ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡܝܼܬܘܿܢ (qḏīmītōn)	ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡܝܼ (qḏīmī)
	f	ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡܲܢ (qḏīman)	ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡܲܬܝ (qḏīmat)	ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡܵܐ (qḏīmā)

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Derived terms

• ܡܩܲܕܸܡ (mqaddim)

Etymology 2

Root
ܩ ܕ ܡ (q d m)
12 terms

Picture dictionary

ܩܕܡ

ܠܥܸܠ ܡܸܢ

ܠܬܸܚܬ ܡܸܢ

ܓܲܘ

ܩܵܕ݇ܡ

ܒܵܬ݂ܲܪ

ܥܲܠ

ܓܹܢ݇ܒ/

ܟܸܣ

ܬ݇ܚܘܿܬ݂

ܒܹܝܢ

Prepositions of location

From Aramaic קֳדָם (qŏḏām); related to Hebrew קֹדֶם (kódem), Akkadian 𒁾𒊕 (qudmu [DUB.SAG]) and Arabic قُدَّامَ (quddāma).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [qɑːm], [qəðɑːm]
• (Urmia) IPA^(key): [qam.]

Preposition

ܩܵܕ݇ܡ or ܩܕ݂ܵܡ • (qām or qḏām)

1. (spatially) before, in front of, facing

   ܨܠܝܼ ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܝܵܡܵܐ ― ṣlī qām yāmā ― Go down in front of the sea

   ܟܹܐ ܡܲܘܕܹܝܢ ܩܵܕ݇ܡܘܼܟ݂ ― kē mawdēn qāmōḵ ― I give thanks before you

2. (temporally) before, in advance of, prior to [with ܡܸܢ (min) ‘from’] (see usage notes)

   ܥܪܘܿܩ ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܡܸܢ ܕܡܵܛܹܐ ― ˁrōq qām min d-māṭē ― Flee before he arrives

   ܕܲܩܝܼܩܵܐ ܡܸܢ ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܫܘܼܠܵܡܵܐ ― daqīqā min qām šullāmā ― A minute before the end

   ܐܵܢܵܐ ܐܵܙܹܠ݇ܢ ܩܲܕ݇ܡܵܝܵܐ ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܡܸܢܵܗ̇

   ānā āzēn qammāyā qām minnāh

   I go first before her

3. in (adversity)

   ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܡܸܛܪܵܐ ܘܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܕܵܠܘܿܦܹ̈ܐ

   qām miṭrā w-qām dālōpē

   in rain and in drizzle.

4. from (adversity)

   ܥܪܝܼܩ ܠܝܼ ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܒܵܒܝܼ ― ˁrīq lī qām bābī ― I fled from my father.

5. ago

   ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܬܪܹܝܢ ܝܲܘܡܹ̈ܐ ― qām trēn yawmē ― Two days ago

   ܐ݇ܙܝܼܠ ܠܹܗ ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܚܲܡܸܫ ܫܵܥܹ̈ܐ ― zīl lēh qām ḥammiš šāˁē ― He left 5 hours ago

Usage notes

• When taking pronouns, the temporal sense uses the form ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܡܸܢ- ― qām min-, for example ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܡܸܢܹܗ ― qām minnēh ― Before him (temporally). However, the spatial sense attaches pronouns to ܩܵܕ݇ܡ itself, for example, ܩܵܕ݇ܡܹܗ ― qāmēh ― In front of him, before him (spatially).
• The English adverb and preposition before is translated as ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܗܵܕܲܟ݂ (qām hādaḵ) or a phrase like ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܥܸܕܵܢܵܐ (qām ˁiddānā, literally “before (this) time”) or ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܐܵܕܝܼܵܐ (qām ādīyā, literally “before now”) used as an adverb.

  ܗܸܟ̃ ܠܵܐ ܝܘܸܢ ܥܒ݂ܝܼܕ݂ܵܐ ܗܵܢܵܐ ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܥܸܕܵܢܵܐ

  hič lā ìwen ˁḇīḏā hānā qām ˁiddānā

  I have never done this before

Inflection

Inflection of ܩܵܕ݇ܡ

base form			ܩܵܕ݇ܡ (qām)
Personal-pronoun including forms
	singular		plural
	m	f
1st person	ܩܵܕ݇ܡܝܼ (qāmī)		ܩܵܕ݇ܡܲܢ (qāman)
2nd person	ܩܵܕ݇ܡܘܼܟ݂ (qāmōḵ)	ܩܵܕ݇ܡܵܟ݂ܝ (qāmāḵ)	ܩܵܕ݇ܡܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (qāmawḵōn)
3rd person	ܩܵܕ݇ܡܹܗ (qāmēh)	ܩܵܕ݇ܡܵܗ̇ (qāmāh)	ܩܵܕ݇ܡܗܘܿܢ (qāmhōn)

Antonyms

• ܒܵܬ݂ܲܪ (bāṯar)

Derived terms

• ܩܵܕ݇ܡܲܬ݂ (qāmaṯ)
• ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܦܲܐܲܬ݂ (qām paˀaṯ)
• ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܡܫܝܼܚܵܐ (qām mšīḥā, “BC, BCE”, literally “before Christ”)

Classical Syriac

Etymology 1

From the root ܩ ܕ ܡ related to preceding. Compare Arabic قَدَمَ (qadama) and Hebrew קָדַם (qāḏam).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [q(ə)ðam]

Verb

ܩܕܡ • (transliteration needed)

1. to precede, to come before

Etymology 2

From the root ܩ ܕ ܡ related to preceding. Compare Akkadian 𒁾𒊕 (qudmu [DUB.SAG]) and Hebrew קֹדֶם (qṓḏem).

Alternative forms

• ܩܕܝܡ

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [q(ə)ðɑm]

Conjunction

ܩܕܡ • (transliteration needed)

1. before

Preposition

ܩܕܡ • (transliteration needed)

1. before, in front of
2. among, in the presence of
3. against

Inflection

Takes type-II suffixes.

Inflection of ܩܕܡ

person	singular		plural
	m	f	m	f
1st person	ܩܕܡܝ		ܩܕܡܝܢ
2nd person	ܩܕܡܝܟ	ܩܕܡܝܟܝ	ܩܕܡܝܟܘܢ	ܩܕܡܝܟܝܢ
3rd person	ܩܕܡܘܗܝ	ܩܕܡܝܗ	ܩܕܡܝܗܘܢ	ܩܕܡܝܗܝܢ

Antonyms

• ܒܬܪ

References

• “qdm”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 310a
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 490b
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, →ISBN, pages 1318a–b