ܥܪܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology 1

From Aramaic עַרָא (ʿarrā); akin to Ugaritic 𐎓𐎗𐎓𐎗 (ʿrʿr, “tamarisk”), Hebrew עַרְעָר (ar'ar, “juniper”), Arabic عَرْعَر (ʕarʕar), عَرْعَار (ʕarʕār, “juniper”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [ʕar.rɑː]

Noun

ܥܲܪܵܐ • (ˁarrā) m sg (plural ܥܲܪܹ̈ܐ (ˁarrē))

1. tamarisk

Inflection

Inflection of ܥܲܪܵܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f
singular	absolute	–		1st person	ܥܲܪܝܼ (ˁarī)		ܥܲܪܲܢ (ˁarran)
	construct	ܥܲܪ (ˁar)		2nd person	ܥܲܪܘܼܟ݂ (ˁarūḵ)	ܥܲܪܵܟ݂ܝ (ˁarrāḵ)	ܥܲܪܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ˁarrāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܥܲܪܵܐ (ˁarrā)		3rd person	ܥܲܪܹܗ (ˁarrēh)	ܥܲܪܵܗ̇ (ˁarrāh)	ܥܲܪܗܘܿܢ (ˁarhōn)
plural	absolute	–		1st person	ܥܲܪ̈ܝܼ (ˁarī)		ܥܲܪ̈ܲܢ (ˁarran)
	construct	ܥܲܪ̈ܲܝ (ˁarray)		2nd person	ܥܲܪ̈ܘܼܟ݂ (ˁarūḵ)	ܥܲܪ̈ܵܟ݂ܝ (ˁarrāḵ)	ܥܲܪ̈ܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ˁarrāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܥܲܪܹ̈ܐ (ˁarrē)		3rd person	ܥܲܪ̈ܘܼܗܝ (ˁarūh)	ܥܲܪ̈ܘܿܗ̇ (ˁarrōh)	ܥܲܪ̈ܗܘܿܢ (ˁarhōn)

Etymology 2

Root
ܥ ܪ ܐ (ˁ r ˀ)
2 terms

From Aramaic עֲרָא (ʿărā)

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [ʕɑːreː]

Verb

ܥܵܪܹܐ • (ˁārē)

1. to hold, hold back, seize, grasp
2. to catch
3. to contain, fit
4. to coagulate through a culture
5. to join a dance

   ܥܪܝܼ ܚܸܓܵܐ ܥܲܡܲܢ. ― ˁrī ḥiggā ˁamman. ― Join us in the khigga.

6. to pour out

   ܥܪܹܐ ܠܝܼ ܚܲܡܪܵܐ ܒܬܠܵܬ݂ܵܐ ܟܵܣܹ̈ܐ ܩܵܐ ܐܵܪ̈ܚܝܼ.

   ˁrē lī ḥamrā b-tlāṯā kāsē qā ārḥī.

   I poured out wine into three cups for my guests.

7. (of inanimates) to start, commence, begin

   ܥܪܹܐ ܠܵܗ̇ ܫܸܢܬ݂ܵܗ̇

   ˁrē lāh šinṯāh

   She started becoming sleepy.

   (literally, “Her sleep started”)

   ܥܪܹܐ ܠܹܗ ܣܸܬܘܵܐ. ― ˁrē lēh sitwā. ― Winter has started.

   1. to pour out, drop, precipitate as rain, snow etc.

      ܡܸܛܪܵܐ ܒܸܥܪܵܝܵܐ ܝܠܵܗ̇

      miṭrā biˁrāyā ìlāh

      It is raining

      (literally, “Rain is pouring out”)

      ܬܲܠܓܵܐ ܒܸܥܪܵܝܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ

      talgā biˁrāyā ìlēh

      It is snowing

      (literally, “Snow is pouring out”)

8. to hold accountable, liable [with ܥܲܠ (ˁal)]
9. to hold a grudge against [with ܥܲܠ (ˁal)]

Conjugation

Conjugation of ܥܵܪܹܐ

gerund	ܒܸܥܪܵܝܵܐ (biˁrāyā)
verbal noun	ܥܪܵܝܵܐ (ˁrāyā)
		singular				plural
passive participle	m	ܥܸܪܝܵܐ (ˁiryā)				ܥܸܪܝܹ̈ܐ (ˁiryē)
	f	ܥܪܝܼܬ݂ܵܐ (ˁrīṯā)
agent noun	m	ܥܵܪܘܿܝܵܐ (ˁārōyā)				ܥܵܪܘܿܝܹ̈ܐ (ˁārōyē)
	f	ܥܵܪܘܿܝܬܵܐ (ˁārōytā)				ܥܵܪܘܿܝ̈ܵܬ݂ܵܐ (ˁārōyāṯā)
instance noun		ܥܪܵܝܬܵܐ (ˁrāytā)				ܥ̈ܪܵܝܵܬ݂ܵܐ (ˁrāyāṯā)
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	ܥܪܹܐ ܠܝܼ (ˁrē lī)	ܥܪܹܐ ܠܘܼܟ݂ (ˁrē lūḵ)	ܥܪܹܐ ܠܹܗ (ˁrē lēh)	ܥܪܹܐ ܠܲܢ (ˁrē lan)	ܥܪܹܐ ܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ˁrē lāwḵōn)	ܥܪܹܐ ܠܗܘܿܢ (ˁrē lhōn)
	f		ܥܪܹܐ ܠܵܟ݂ܝ (ˁrē lāḵ)	ܥܪܹܐ ܠܵܗ̇ (ˁrē lāh)
non-past	m	ܥܵܪܹܝܢ (ˁārēn)	ܥܵܪܹܝܬ (ˁārēt)	ܥܵܪܹܐ (ˁārē)	ܥܵܪܹܝܚ (ˁārēḥ)	ܥܵܪܹܝܬܘܿܢ (ˁārētōn)	ܥܵܪܝܼ (ˁārī)
	f	ܥܵܪܝܵܢ (ˁāryān)	ܥܵܪܝܵܬܝ (ˁāryāt)	ܥܵܪܝܵܐ (ˁāryā)
imperative	m		ܥܪܝܼ (ˁrī)			ܥܪܲܘ (ˁraw)
	f		ܥܪܲܝ (ˁray)
passive past	m	ܥܪܹܝܢ (ˁrēn)	ܥܪܹܝܬ (ˁrēt)	ܥܪܹܐ (ˁrē)	ܥܪܹܝܚ (ˁrēḥ)	ܥܪܹܝܬܘܿܢ (ˁrētōn)	ܥܪܲܝ (ˁray)
	f	ܥܸܪܝܲܢ (ˁiryan)	ܥܸܪܝܲܬܝ (ˁiryat)	ܥܸܪܝܵܐ (ˁiryā)

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Synonyms

• (hold): ܕܵܒ݂ܹܩ (dāḇēq), ܐܵܚܹܕ݂ (āḥēḏ)
• (catch): ܠܵܩܹܛ (lāqēṭ), ܩܵܦܹܐ (qāpē)
• (contain): ܚܵܒ݂ܹܫ (ḥāḇēš)
• (start): ܫܲܪܹܐ (šarrē)
• (pour out): ܕܵܪܹܐ (dārē), ܫܵܦܹܟ݂ (šāpēḵ)
• (precipitate): ܨܵܠܹܐ (ṣālē), ܢܵܚܹܬ݂ (nāḥēṯ), ܡܵܛܹܪ (māṭēr, “to rain”), ܬܵܠܹܓ݂ (tālēḡ, “to snow”)

Classical Syriac

Etymology 1

Akin to Ugaritic 𐎓𐎗𐎓𐎗 (ʿrʿr, “tamarisk”), Hebrew עַרְעָר (ʿarʿār, “juniper”), Arabic عَرْعَر (ʕarʕar), عَرْعَار (ʕarʕār, “juniper”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʕarrɑ] (in the singular)
• IPA^(key): [ʕarre] (in the plural)

Noun

ܥܪܐ • (ʿarrā) m (plural ܥܪܐ (ʿarrē))

1. tamarisk

   Synonym: ܒܝܢܐ (bīnā)

Inflection

Inflection of ܥܪܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܥܪ		1st person	ܥܪܝ		ܥܪܢ
	construct	ܥܪ		2nd person	ܥܪܟ	ܥܪܟܝ	ܥܪܟܘܢ	ܥܪܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܥܪܐ		3rd person	ܥܪܗ	ܥܪܗ	ܥܪܗܘܢ	ܥܪܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܥܪܝܢ		1st person	ܥܪܝ		ܥܪܝܢ
	construct	ܥܪܝ		2nd person	ܥܪܝܟ	ܥܪܝܟܝ	ܥܪܝܟܘܢ	ܥܪܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܥܪܐ		3rd person	ܥܪܘܗܝ	ܥܪܝܗ	ܥܪܝܗܘܢ	ܥܪܝܗܝܢ

See also

• ܟܒܪ ܥܪܐ
• ܥܪܥܘܪܐ

Etymology 2

From the root ܥ ܪ ܐ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʕɑrɑ] (in the singular)
• IPA^(key): [ʕɑre] (in the plural)

Noun

ܥܪܐ • (ʿārā) m (plural ܥܪܐ (ʿārē))

1. violence, intensity

Inflection

Inflection of ܥܪܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܥܪ		1st person	ܥܪܝ		ܥܪܢ
	construct	ܥܪ		2nd person	ܥܪܟ	ܥܪܟܝ	ܥܪܟܘܢ	ܥܪܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܥܪܐ		3rd person	ܥܪܗ	ܥܪܗ	ܥܪܗܘܢ	ܥܪܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܥܪܝܢ		1st person	ܥܪܝ		ܥܪܝܢ
	construct	ܥܪܝ		2nd person	ܥܪܝܟ	ܥܪܝܟܝ	ܥܪܝܟܘܢ	ܥܪܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܥܪܐ		3rd person	ܥܪܘܗܝ	ܥܪܝܗ	ܥܪܝܗܘܢ	ܥܪܝܗܝܢ

References

• “ˁr”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• “ˁr²”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 426b
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 1133b