ܚܪܒܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Root
ܚ ܪ ܒ (ḥ r b)
3 terms

Etymology 1

From Aramaic חַרְבׇּא (ḥarbā), from Proto-Semitic *ḥarb-; compare Arabic حَرْب (ḥarb, “war”), حَرْبَة (ḥarba, “javelin; spearhead”), Hebrew חֶרֶב (khérev, “sword; war; ploughshare”) and Akkadian 𒄑𒀳𒌆𒆥 (ḫarbum, “specialized plow used to physically break apart solid soil, opposed to other weaker types used to merely draw furrows to drop seeds in”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [xɪr.bɑː]

Adjective

ܚܸܪܒܵܐ • (ḥirbā) (feminine ܚܪܸܒܬܵܐ (ḥribtā), plural ܚܸܪܒܹܐ (ḥirbē))

1. desolate, deserted, barren
   • Matthew 23:38:

     ܗܵܐ ܦܝܵܫܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ ܫܒܝܼܩܵܐ ܒܲܝܬܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ ܚܸܪܒܵܐ ܐܸܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ.

     hā pyāšā ìlēh šbīqā baytāwḵōn ḥirbā illāwḵōn.

     Behold, your house is left unto you desolate.

2. desert, dry, arid, waterless
3. (figuratively) forlorn, destitute, wanting; empty, vain; foolish
4. rotten

Etymology 2

Probably Borrowed from Northern Kurdish xirab.

Pronunciation 1

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [xɪr.bɑː]

Adjective

ܚܸܪܒܵܐ • (ḥirbā) (invariable)

1. bad

   Antonyms: ܛܵܒ݂ܵܐ (ṭāḇā), ܨܦܵܝܝܼ (ṣpāyī)

   Coordinate terms: (comparitive) ܝܲܬܝܼܪ ܚܸܪܒܵܐ (yatīr ḥirbā, “worse”), (superlative) ܣܸܪܝܵܐ (siryā, “worst”)

   ܟܠ ܡܸܢܕܝܼ ܕܥܵܒ݂ܕܝܼ ܝܲܢ ܪܵܒܵܐ ܚܸܪܒܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ ܝܲܢ ܪܵܒܵܐ ܛܵܒ݂ܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ.

   kul mindī dˁāḇdī yan rābā ḥirbā ìlēh yan rābā ṭāḇā ìlēh.

   Everything they do is either very bad or very good.

Pronunciation 2

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [xar.bɑː]

Noun

ܚܲܪܒܵܐ • (ḥarbā) m (plural ܚܲܪ̈ܒܹܐ (ḥarbē))

1. javelin, spearhead
2. ploughshare
3. spearpoint, gunpoint

   ܡܵܢܝܼ ܝܠܹܗ ܕܒ݂ܝܼܩܘܼܟ݂ ܠܚܲܪܒܵܐ؟ ― Who is holding you at gunpoint?

4. defeat, loss

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܲܪܒܵܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f
singular	absolute	–		1st person	ܚܲܪܒܝܼ (ḥarbī)		ܚܲܪܒܲܢ (ḥarban)
	construct	ܚܲܪܒ (ḥarb)		2nd person	ܚܲܪܒܘܼܟ݂ (ḥarbūḵ)	ܚܲܪܒܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥarbāḵ)	ܚܲܪܒܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥarbāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܲܪܒܵܐ (ḥarbā)		3rd person	ܚܲܪܒܹܗ (ḥarbēh)	ܚܲܪܒܵܗ̇ (ḥarbāh)	ܚܲܪܒܗܘܿܢ (ḥarbhōn)
plural	absolute	–		1st person	ܚܲܪ̈ܒܝܼ (ḥarbī)		ܚܲܪ̈ܒܲܢ (ḥarban)
	construct	ܚܲܪ̈ܒܲܝ (ḥarbay)		2nd person	ܚܲܪ̈ܒܘܼܟ݂ (ḥarbūḵ)	ܚܲܪ̈ܒܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥarbāḵ)	ܚܲܪ̈ܒܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥarbāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܲܪ̈ܒܹܐ (ḥarbē)		3rd person	ܚܲܪ̈ܒܘܼܗܝ (ḥarbūh)	ܚܲܪ̈ܒܘܿܗ̇ (ḥarbōh)	ܚܲܪ̈ܒܗܘܿܢ (ḥarbhōn)

Proper noun

ܚܲܪܒܵܐ • (ḥarbā) m

1. (astronomy) name of a comet

Classical Syriac

Etymology

From the root ܚ-ܪ-ܒ (ḥ-r-b) related to ruining, from Proto-Semitic *ḥarb-.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Edessan) IPA^(key): [ˈħar.bɑ]
• (Eastern Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈxar.bɑ]
• (Western Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈħɑr.bo]

Adjective

ܚܪܒܐ • (ḥarbā) m (plural ܚܪܒܐ, singular feminine counterpart ܚܪܒܬܐ)

1. desolate, deserted, barren
   • Peshitta, Matthew 23:38:

     ܗܐ ܡܫܬܒܩ ܠܟܘܢ ܒܝܬܟܘܢ ܚܪܒܐ.

     hā meštəḇeq ləḵōn baytəḵōn ḥarbā.

     Behold, your house is left unto you desolate.

2. desert, dry, arid, waterless
3. (figuratively) forlorn, destitute, wanting; empty, vain; foolish
4. rotten

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܪܒܐ

person	singular		plural
	m	f	m	f
absolute	ܚܪܒ	ܚܪܒܐ	ܚܪܒܝܢ	ܚܪܒܢ
construct	ܚܪܒ	ܚܪܒܬ	ܚܪܒܝ	ܚܪܒܬ
emphatic	ܚܪܒܐ	ܚܪܒܬܐ	ܚܪܒܐ	ܚܪܒܬܐ

Noun

ܚܪܒܐ • (ḥarbā) c (plural ܚܪܒܐ (ḥarbē))

1. sword, dagger, blade
   • Peshitta, Matthew 10:34:

     ܠܐ ܬܣܒܪܘܢ ܕܐܬܝܬ ܕܐܪܡܐ ܫܝܢܐ ܒܐܪܥܐ. ܠܐ ܐܬܝܬ ܕܐܪܡܐ ܫܝܢܐ. ܐܠܐ ܚܪܒܐ.

     lā ṯesbərūn də-ʾĕṯêṯ də-ʾarmē šaynā ḇə-ʾarʿā: lā ʾĕṯêṯ də-ʾarmē šaynā, ʾellā ḥarbā.

     Think not that I am come to send peace on earth: I came not to send peace, but a sword.

   Synonyms: ܣܝܦܐ (saypā), ܣܦܣܝܪܐ (sap̄sêrā)

2. spearpoint
3. ploughshare/plowshare, plough/plow
   • Peshitta, Luke 9:62:

     ܐܡܪ ܠܗ ܝܫܘܥ. ܠܐ ܐܢܫ ܪܡܐ ܐܝܕܗ ܥܠ ܚܪܒܐ ܕܦܕܢܐ. ܘܚܐܪ ܠܒܣܬܪܗ ܘܚܫܚ ܠܡܠܟܘܬܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ.

     ʾāmar lēh yəšūʿ, lā [ʾ]nāš rāmē ʾīḏēh ʿal ḥarbā ḏə-p̄addānā, wə-ḥāʾar lə-ḇestərēh wə-ḥāšaḥ lə-malkūṯēh də-ʾălāhā.

     And Jesus said unto him, No man, having put his hand to the plough, and looking back, is fit for the kingdom of God.

4. killing, slaughter

   Synonym: ܩܛܠܐ (qeṭlā)

5. war

   Synonyms: ܩܪܒܐ (qərāḇā), ܕܪܐ (darrā)

6. defeat, loss
7. ravaging, devastating, destroying, ruining
8. devastation, destruction
9. desolation, emptiness
10. avenging, vengeance

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܪܒܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܚܪܒ		1st person	ܚܪܒܝ		ܚܪܒܢ
	construct	ܚܪܒ		2nd person	ܚܪܒܟ	ܚܪܒܟܝ	ܚܪܒܟܘܢ	ܚܪܒܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܚܪܒܐ		3rd person	ܚܪܒܗ	ܚܪܒܗ	ܚܪܒܗܘܢ	ܚܪܒܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܚܪܒܝܢ		1st person	ܚܪܒܝ		ܚܪܒܝܢ
	construct	ܚܪܒܝ		2nd person	ܚܪܒܝܟ	ܚܪܒܝܟܝ	ܚܪܒܝܟܘܢ	ܚܪܒܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܚܪܒܐ		3rd person	ܚܪܒܘܗܝ	ܚܪܒܝܗ	ܚܪܒܝܗܘܢ	ܚܪܒܝܗܝܢ

Descendants

• → Old Armenian: խարբ (xarb)
• →⇒ Old Georgian: მეხარბე (mexarbe)

Proper noun

ܚܪܒܐ • (ḥarbā) m

1. (astronomy) name of a comet

References

• “ḥrb”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2011-09-27
• Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, pages 115b-116a
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 155b-156a
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 486a-b