مسجد
Arabic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Noun of place from the verb سَجَدَ (sajada, “to bow down”), from the root س ج د (s-j-d). Likely borrowed from a regional Aramaic term for a place of worship, attested in Nabataean Aramaic 𐢓𐢖𐢄𐢅𐢀 (msgdʾ) and in Imperial Aramaic 𐡌𐡎𐡂𐡃𐡀 (msgdʾ) already in the 5th century BCE, the emphatic state of which seems to underlie some of the Romance descendants.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]مَسْجِد • (masjid) m (plural مَسَاجِد (masājid))
Declension
[edit]Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | مَسْجِد masjid |
الْمَسْجِد al-masjid |
مَسْجِد masjid |
Nominative | مَسْجِدٌ masjidun |
الْمَسْجِدُ al-masjidu |
مَسْجِدُ masjidu |
Accusative | مَسْجِدًا masjidan |
الْمَسْجِدَ al-masjida |
مَسْجِدَ masjida |
Genitive | مَسْجِدٍ masjidin |
الْمَسْجِدِ al-masjidi |
مَسْجِدِ masjidi |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | مَسْجِدَيْن masjidayn |
الْمَسْجِدَيْن al-masjidayn |
مَسْجِدَيْ masjiday |
Nominative | مَسْجِدَانِ masjidāni |
الْمَسْجِدَانِ al-masjidāni |
مَسْجِدَا masjidā |
Accusative | مَسْجِدَيْنِ masjidayni |
الْمَسْجِدَيْنِ al-masjidayni |
مَسْجِدَيْ masjiday |
Genitive | مَسْجِدَيْنِ masjidayni |
الْمَسْجِدَيْنِ al-masjidayni |
مَسْجِدَيْ masjiday |
Plural | basic broken plural diptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | مَسَاجِد masājid |
الْمَسَاجِد al-masājid |
مَسَاجِد masājid |
Nominative | مَسَاجِدُ masājidu |
الْمَسَاجِدُ al-masājidu |
مَسَاجِدُ masājidu |
Accusative | مَسَاجِدَ masājida |
الْمَسَاجِدَ al-masājida |
مَسَاجِدَ masājida |
Genitive | مَسَاجِدَ masājida |
الْمَسَاجِدِ al-masājidi |
مَسَاجِدِ masājidi |
Derived terms
[edit]- الْمَسْجِد الْحَرَام (al-masjid al-ḥarām, “The Sacred Mosque”)
- الْمَسْجِد النَّبَويِّ (“The Prophet's Mosque”)
- الْمَسْجِد الْأَقْصَى (al-masjid al-ʔaqṣā, “The Furtherest Mosque, Al-Aqsa Mosque”)
- الْمَسْجِدَان (al-masjidān, “the Two Mosques (of Mecca and Medina)”)
Descendants
[edit]- Gulf Arabic: مسيد (masyid)
- → Amharic: መስጊድ (mäsgid)
- → Central Kurdish: مزگەوت (mizgewt), مِزگِت (mizgit) — Ardalani
- Northern Kurdish: mizgeft
- → Classical Syriac: ܡܣܓܕܐ (masgḏā)
- → English: masjid
- → Japanese: マスジド
- → Sundanese: masigit
- → Javanese: mesjid
- → Kimaragang: mosigid
- → Malay: masjid
- Indonesian: masjid
- → Middle Persian: [script needed] (mzgt' /mazgit/)
- Classical Persian: مزگت (mazgit)
- → Southern Altai: мечет (mečet)
- → Old Armenian: մզկիթ (mzkitʻ)
- → Avar: мажгит (mažgit)
- → Bashkir: мәсет (məset)
- → Chechen: маьждиг (mäždig)
- → Crimean Tatar: mescit
- → Dargwa: мижит (mižit)
- → Georgian: მეჩეთი (mečeti)
- → Lak: мизит (mizit)
- → Ingush: маьждиг (mäždig)
- → Kazakh: мешіт (meşıt)
- → Nogai: мешит (meşit)
- → Tatar: мәчет (mäçet)
- Classical Persian: مزگت (mazgit)
- → Classical Persian: مسجد (masjid)
- Tajik: масҷид (masjid)
- → Azerbaijani: məscid
- → Bengali: মসজিদ (mosjid)
- → Gujarati: મસ્જિદ (masjid), મસીદ (masīd), મસીત (masīt)
- → Hindustani:
- → Kannada: ಮಸೀದಿ (masīdi)
- → Magahi: 𑂧𑂯𑂔𑂱𑂠 (mahjid)
- → Marathi: मस्जिद (masjid), मशीद (maśīd)
- → Marwari: मसीत (masīt), मसीद (masīd)
- → Nepali: मस्जिद (masjid)
- Newar: masjida
- → Swahili: msikiti
- → Hebrew: מִסְגָּד (misgā́d) (calque)
- → Portuguese: Magide
- → Thai: มัสยิด (mát-sà-yít)
- Medieval Latin: meschita
- Ancient Greek: μασγίδιον (masgídion)
See also
[edit]- جَامِع (jāmiʕ)
References
[edit]- “msgd”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- Schwally, Friedrich (1898) “Lexikalische Studien”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft[1] (in German), volume 52, page 134
- Wehr, Hans (1979) “سجد”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
Hijazi Arabic
[edit]Root |
---|
س ج د |
1 term |
Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]مسجد • (masjid) m (plural مَساجد (masājid))
Malay
[edit]Noun
[edit]مسجد (plural مسجد-مسجد or مسجد۲, informal 1st possessive مسجدکو, 2nd possessive مسجدمو, 3rd possessive مسجدڽ)
Ottoman Turkish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Arabic مَسْجِد (masjid, “mosque”), noun of place from the verb سَجَدَ (sajada, “to bow down”).
Noun
[edit]مسجد • (mescid) (definite accusative مسجدی (mescidi), plural مساجد (mesâcid))
- mosque, a place of worship for Muslims, often having at least one minaret
- Synonym: جامع (camiʼ)
Descendants
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “mescit”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3161
- Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “mescid”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat[2] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 747
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “مسجد”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[3], Constantinople: Mihran, page 1165
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Templum”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum[4], Vienna, column 1655
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “مسجد”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum[5], Vienna, column 4643
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “mescit”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “مسجد”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[6], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1851
Persian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Arabic مَسْجِد (masjid).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [mas.ˈd͡ʒið]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [mæs.d͡ʒéd̪̥]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [mäs.d͡ʒíd̪]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | masjiḏ |
Dari reading? | masjid |
Iranian reading? | masjed |
Tajik reading? | masjid |
Noun
[edit]Dari | مسجد |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | масҷид |
مَسجِد • (masjed) (plural مساجد (masâjed) or مسجدها (masjed-hâ))
South Levantine Arabic
[edit]Root |
---|
س ج د |
1 term |
Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]مسجد • (masjid) m (plural مساجد (masājid))
Urdu
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Classical Persian مَسْجِد (masjid), borrowed from Arabic مَسْجِد (masjid), from سَجَدَ (sajada). First attested in c. 1609 as Middle Hindi مسجد (msjd /masjid/).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]مَسْجِد • (masjid) f (formal plural مَساجِد (masājid), Hindi spelling मस्जिद)
- mosque
- prayer hall (of a mosque)
- (by extension) a place of worship for prostration:
- (Judaism, obsolete) synagogue
- Synonym: کنیسہ (kanīsa)
- 2019 May 16, شاہ ولی اللہ [Shah Wali-ul-llah], “کراچی میں مقیم یہودیوں کی تاریخ [karācī meṉ maqīm yahūdioṉ kī tārīx]”, in روزنامہ جنگ [Daily Jang][7], Karachi:
- اس عبادت گاہ کو بنی اسرائیل مسجد بھی کہا جاتا تھا۔
- is ʻibādat gāh ko banī isrā'īl masjid bhī kahā jātā thā.
- This place of worship also used to be known as the Bene Israel synagogue.
Usage notes
[edit]While مسجد usually infers the Islamic place of worship – the mosque, broadly speaking, it can be used for other places of worship, but specifically for Abrahamic faiths whose worship involves prostration.
Declension
[edit]Declension of مسجد | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
direct | مَسْجِد (masjid) | مَسْجِدیں (masjidẽ) | ||||||
oblique | مَسْجِد (masjid) | مَسْجِدوں (masjidõ) | ||||||
vocative | مَسْجِد (masjid) | مَسْجِدو (masjido) |
Derived terms
[edit]- جَامِع مَسْجِد (jāmi' masjid, “a central; congregational (Jamia) mosque”)
References
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “مسجد”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
- Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “مسجد”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
- Platts, John T. (1884) “مسجد”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
- S. W. Fallon (1879) “مسجد”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
- John Shakespear (1834) “مسجد”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC
- Arabic terms belonging to the root س ج د
- Arabic nouns of place
- Arabic terms borrowed from Aramaic
- Arabic terms derived from Aramaic
- Arabic 2-syllable words
- Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hijazi Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
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- ar:Buildings
- Hijazi Arabic terms belonging to the root س ج د
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- Malay lemmas
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- Ottoman Turkish terms borrowed from Arabic
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- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from the Arabic root س ج د
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- ota:Islam
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- Persian terms borrowed from Arabic
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- Persian terms derived from Arabic
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- fa:Islam
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- South Levantine Arabic terms belonging to the root س ج د
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- ajp:Buildings
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- Urdu terms derived from Arabic
- Urdu terms derived from the Arabic root س ج د
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- Rhymes:Urdu/ɪd̪
- Rhymes:Urdu/ɪd̪/2 syllables
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- ur:Judaism
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- ur:Places of worship