خون

See also: جون, جوں, چون, and Appendix:Variations of "hun"

Arabic

Root
خ و ن (ḵ w n)
7 terms

Verb

خَوَّنَ • (ḵawwana) II (non-past يُخَوِّنُ (yuḵawwinu), verbal noun تَخْوِين (taḵwīn))

1. to regard as faithless, to regard as disloyal, to regard as false, to regard as treacherous, to regard as traitorous, to regard as perfidious, to regard as dishonest, to regard as unreliable
2. to call faithless, to call disloyal, to be false, to be treacherous, to be perfidious, to call false, to call treacherous, to call perfidious, to call dishonest, to call unreliable
3. to accuse of betrayal, to accuse of disloyalty
4. to charge with treason, to charge with treachery
5. to distrust, to mistrust
6. to two-time

Conjugation

    Conjugation of خَوَّنَ (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun تَخْوِين)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَخْوِين taḵwīn
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُخَوِّن muḵawwin
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُخَوَّن muḵawwan
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	خَوَّنْتُ ḵawwantu	خَوَّنْتَ ḵawwanta	خَوَّنَ ḵawwana		خَوَّنْتُمَا ḵawwantumā	خَوَّنَا ḵawwanā		خَوَّنَّا ḵawwannā	خَوَّنْتُمْ ḵawwantum	خَوَّنُوا ḵawwanū
	f		خَوَّنْتِ ḵawwanti	خَوَّنَتْ ḵawwanat			خَوَّنَتَا ḵawwanatā			خَوَّنْتُنَّ ḵawwantunna	خَوَّنَّ ḵawwanna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُخَوِّنُ ʔuḵawwinu	تُخَوِّنُ tuḵawwinu	يُخَوِّنُ yuḵawwinu		تُخَوِّنَانِ tuḵawwināni	يُخَوِّنَانِ yuḵawwināni		نُخَوِّنُ nuḵawwinu	تُخَوِّنُونَ tuḵawwinūna	يُخَوِّنُونَ yuḵawwinūna
	f		تُخَوِّنِينَ tuḵawwinīna	تُخَوِّنُ tuḵawwinu			تُخَوِّنَانِ tuḵawwināni			تُخَوِّنَّ tuḵawwinna	يُخَوِّنَّ yuḵawwinna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُخَوِّنَ ʔuḵawwina	تُخَوِّنَ tuḵawwina	يُخَوِّنَ yuḵawwina		تُخَوِّنَا tuḵawwinā	يُخَوِّنَا yuḵawwinā		نُخَوِّنَ nuḵawwina	تُخَوِّنُوا tuḵawwinū	يُخَوِّنُوا yuḵawwinū
	f		تُخَوِّنِي tuḵawwinī	تُخَوِّنَ tuḵawwina			تُخَوِّنَا tuḵawwinā			تُخَوِّنَّ tuḵawwinna	يُخَوِّنَّ yuḵawwinna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُخَوِّنْ ʔuḵawwin	تُخَوِّنْ tuḵawwin	يُخَوِّنْ yuḵawwin		تُخَوِّنَا tuḵawwinā	يُخَوِّنَا yuḵawwinā		نُخَوِّنْ nuḵawwin	تُخَوِّنُوا tuḵawwinū	يُخَوِّنُوا yuḵawwinū
	f		تُخَوِّنِي tuḵawwinī	تُخَوِّنْ tuḵawwin			تُخَوِّنَا tuḵawwinā			تُخَوِّنَّ tuḵawwinna	يُخَوِّنَّ yuḵawwinna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		خَوِّنْ ḵawwin			خَوِّنَا ḵawwinā				خَوِّنُوا ḵawwinū
	f		خَوِّنِي ḵawwinī							خَوِّنَّ ḵawwinna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	خُوِّنْتُ ḵuwwintu	خُوِّنْتَ ḵuwwinta	خُوِّنَ ḵuwwina		خُوِّنْتُمَا ḵuwwintumā	خُوِّنَا ḵuwwinā		خُوِّنَّا ḵuwwinnā	خُوِّنْتُمْ ḵuwwintum	خُوِّنُوا ḵuwwinū
	f		خُوِّنْتِ ḵuwwinti	خُوِّنَتْ ḵuwwinat			خُوِّنَتَا ḵuwwinatā			خُوِّنْتُنَّ ḵuwwintunna	خُوِّنَّ ḵuwwinna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُخَوَّنُ ʔuḵawwanu	تُخَوَّنُ tuḵawwanu	يُخَوَّنُ yuḵawwanu		تُخَوَّنَانِ tuḵawwanāni	يُخَوَّنَانِ yuḵawwanāni		نُخَوَّنُ nuḵawwanu	تُخَوَّنُونَ tuḵawwanūna	يُخَوَّنُونَ yuḵawwanūna
	f		تُخَوَّنِينَ tuḵawwanīna	تُخَوَّنُ tuḵawwanu			تُخَوَّنَانِ tuḵawwanāni			تُخَوَّنَّ tuḵawwanna	يُخَوَّنَّ yuḵawwanna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُخَوَّنَ ʔuḵawwana	تُخَوَّنَ tuḵawwana	يُخَوَّنَ yuḵawwana		تُخَوَّنَا tuḵawwanā	يُخَوَّنَا yuḵawwanā		نُخَوَّنَ nuḵawwana	تُخَوَّنُوا tuḵawwanū	يُخَوَّنُوا yuḵawwanū
	f		تُخَوَّنِي tuḵawwanī	تُخَوَّنَ tuḵawwana			تُخَوَّنَا tuḵawwanā			تُخَوَّنَّ tuḵawwanna	يُخَوَّنَّ yuḵawwanna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُخَوَّنْ ʔuḵawwan	تُخَوَّنْ tuḵawwan	يُخَوَّنْ yuḵawwan		تُخَوَّنَا tuḵawwanā	يُخَوَّنَا yuḵawwanā		نُخَوَّنْ nuḵawwan	تُخَوَّنُوا tuḵawwanū	يُخَوَّنُوا yuḵawwanū
	f		تُخَوَّنِي tuḵawwanī	تُخَوَّنْ tuḵawwan			تُخَوَّنَا tuḵawwanā			تُخَوَّنَّ tuḵawwanna	يُخَوَّنَّ yuḵawwanna

Noun

خَوْن • (ḵawn) m

1. verbal noun of خَانَ (ḵāna) (form I)
2. being disloyal, being faithless, being false, being treacherous, being perfidious
3. acting disloyally, acting treacherously, acting perfidiously
4. betraying
5. cheating, duping, hoodwinking
6. forsaking, deserting, letting down
7. failing, breaking (a promise)

Declension

Declension of noun خَوْن (ḵawn)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خَوْن ḵawn	الْخَوْن al-ḵawn	خَوْن ḵawn
Nominative	خَوْنٌ ḵawnun	الْخَوْنُ al-ḵawnu	خَوْنُ ḵawnu
Accusative	خَوْنًا ḵawnan	الْخَوْنَ al-ḵawna	خَوْنَ ḵawna
Genitive	خَوْنٍ ḵawnin	الْخَوْنِ al-ḵawni	خَوْنِ ḵawni

References

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “خون”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[1], London: W.H. Allen

Persian

Alternative forms

• خین (xin) (dialectal, Bushehr, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan)

Etymology

From Middle Persian 𐭣𐭬𐭩𐭠 (dmyʾ /⁠xōn⁠/), also 𐫑𐫇𐫗 (k̇wn /⁠xōn⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *wahūnī.

Cognate with Bakhtiari خین (xīn), Northern Luri خی (xi), Baluchi ہون (hūn), Northern Kurdish xwîn, Central Kurdish خوێن (xwên), Southern Kurdish خۊن (xün) or خوین (xuyn), Zazaki gonî, Gurani ۋنی (ʋinī) or هوون (hūn), Parthian 𐭂𐭅𐭇𐭍 (gwḥn /⁠gōxn⁠/), Sivandi فین (fīn), Harzani and Karingani وون (vūn), Sogdian [script needed] (γwrn /⁠xurn⁠/) or [script needed] (wγrn /⁠wuxrn, uxarn⁠/), Yagnobi вахм (vaxm), Pashto وینه (wina) and Avestan 𐬬𐬊𐬵𐬎𐬥𐬀 (vohuna).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [xuːn]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [xuːn]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [xuːn]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [xuːn]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [xun]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [xuːn]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [χun]

Readings
Classical reading?	xūn
Dari reading?	xūn
Iranian reading?	xun
Tajik reading?	xun

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Noun

Dari	خون
Iranian Persian
Tajik	хун

خون • (xun)

1. blood

Related terms

• آزمایش خون
• خونگرم
• خونی
• خونین
• خون‌شناسی
• کم‌خونی

 

Descendants

• Judeo-Tat: xun
• Tajik: хун (xun)
• → Azerbaijani: xun
• → Bengali: খুন (khun)
• → Middle Hindi: خون (xvn /⁠xūn⁠/)
  • Hindustani:

    Hindi: ख़ून (xūn)

    Urdu: خُون (xūn)

• → Maithili: khūn

  Devanagari script: खून

  Tirhuta script: 𑒐𑒴𑒢

• → Punjabi: xūn
  • Gurmukhi script: ਖ਼ੂਨ
  • Shahmukhi script: خُون

References

• Bläsing, Uwe (1997) “Irano-Turcica: Westiranisches Wortgut im türkeitürkischen Dialektmaterial”, in Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia‎^[2] (in German), number 2, § 37, pages 102–103
• Cathcart, Chundra Aroor (2015) Iranian Dialectology and Dialectometry (PhD dissertation)‎^[3], Berkeley: University of California at Berkeley, pages 33, 93
• Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, § 511, page 113
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 1171–1172

Urdu

Alternative forms

• خُوں (xū̃) (poetic)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Iranian *wahūnīder.

Classical Persian خُون (xūn)bor.

Urdu خُون (xūn)

Borrowed from Classical Persian خُون (xūn). First attested in c. 1564 as Middle Hindi خون (xvn /⁠xūn⁠/).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /xuːn/

• Audio (India):

  (file)

• Hyphenation: خُون
• Rhymes: -uːn

Noun

خُون • (xūn) m (Hindi spelling ख़ून)

1. blood

   Synonyms: لَہُو (lahū), رَکْت (rakt)

2. murder, killing

   Synonym: قَتْل (qatl)

3. (figurative) relationship

   family; progeny

4. (loosely) blame, sin (of a crime)

Declension

Declension of خون
	singular	plural
direct	خُون (xūn)	خُون (xūn)
oblique	خُون (xūn)	خُونوں (xūnõ)
vocative	خُون (xūn)	خُونو (xūno)

Derived terms

Derived terms

• خُون دینا (xūn denā, “to give blood”)
• خُون کَرْنا (xūn karnā, “to murder”)
• خُونی (xūnī, “murderer; bloody”)

Further reading

More information

• “خون”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
• Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “خون”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co., page 296
• Platts, John T. (1884) “خون”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co., page 497
• S. W. Fallon (1879) “خون”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co., page 608
• John Shakespear (1834) “خون”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3^rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC, page 826