چون

See also: جون, جوں, and خون

Persian

Alternative forms

• چو (čo) (poetic)

Etymology

From Middle Persian [script needed] (cygwn' /⁠čiyōn⁠/, “as, like, how, when”), from Proto-Iranian *či-gauna- (“shape, figure”), from *či- (“what”) +‎ *gauna- (“color, type”). Synchronically analyzable as چه (če, “what”) +‎ گون (gun, “color, type”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃuːn]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰuːn]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰuːn]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰuːn]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰun]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰon], [t͡ʃʰuːn]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰun]

Readings
Classical reading?	čūn
Dari reading?	čūn
Iranian reading?	čon, čun
Tajik reading?	čun

• In Iran, [t͡ʃʰuːn] is mainly reserved for literary contexts except in the idiom چون و چرا (čun o čerâ).

Conjunction

چون • (čun)

1. because, since

   Synonyms: چونکه (čunke), زیرا (zirâ)

   چون هوا خیلی سرد بود نیامدند.

   čun havâ xeyli sard bud nay-âmadand.

   They did not come since it was very cold.

2. when

   Synonyms: وقتی (vaqti), وقتی که (vaqti ke)

   • c. 1080, Kaykāwūs, Qābūs-nāma:

     چون بزه خواهی کرد باری بزه بی‌مزه مکن ، شراب که خوری خوشتر خور و سماع که شنوی خوشتر شنو.

     čūn baza xwāhī kard bārē baza-yi bē-maza makun, šarāb ki xwarī xwaštar xwar u samā' ki šinawī xwaštar šinaw.

     When you want to commit sin for a time, do not commit tasteless sin. When you drink wine, drink from the best! And when you listen to music, listen to the best!

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

3. (poetic or archaic) how

   Synonyms: چطور (četowr), چگونه (čegune)

   چونی؟ ― čun-i? ― How are you?

   • c. 1580, Vahshī Bāfqī, “شرح پریشانی”, in گزیده اشعار‎^[1]:

     تو مپندار که مِهر از دلِ محزون نرود
     آتشِ عشق به جان افتد و بیرون نرود
     وین محبّت به صد افسانه و افسون نرود
     چه گمان غلط است این، برود، چون نرود؟

     tū ma-pindār ki mihr az dil-i mahzūn na-rawad
     ātaš-i išq ba jān uftad u bērūn na-rawad
     w-īn muhabbat ba sad afsāna u afsūn na-rawad
     či gamān-i ğalat ast īn, bi-rawad, čūn na-rawad?

     Don't think that affection can't leave a forlorn heart,
     That the fire of love falls on the soul and never leaves,
     That this love won't leave after a hundred fables and empty spells:
     What a mistake of a thought! [Love] leaves, how could it not?

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

Preposition

چون • (čun)

1. (poetic or archaic) like

   Synonyms: همچون (hamčon), مثل (mesl-e), مانند (mânand-e), همانند (hamânand-e), نظیر (nazir-e)

References

• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “čiyōn”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 23
• Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2003) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov (in Russian), volume 2, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 201

Anagrams

• نوچ

Urdu

Numeral

Urdu numbers ^(edit)

←  53	۵۴ 54	55  →
Cardinal: چَوَّنْ (cavvan), چَون (cauvan)     Ordinal: چَوَّنْواں (cavvanvā̃), چَونْواں (cauvanvā̃)

چون • (cauvan, cavvan) (Hindi spelling चौवन or चव्वन)

1. fifty-four