χαμηλός
Appearance
Ancient Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- χθᾰμᾰλός (khthamalós)
Etymology
[edit]From χαμαί (khamaí, “to the earth, on the earth”), a frozen case-form of χθών (khthṓn, “earth”), itself from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰōm. Compare πάλαι (pálai), παραί (paraí). The ending could be formed after the antonym ὑψηλός (hupsēlós).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /kʰa.mɛː.lós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /kʰa.me̝ˈlos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /xa.miˈlos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /xa.miˈlos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /xa.miˈlos/
Adjective
[edit]χᾰμηλός • (khamēlós) m (feminine χᾰμηλή, neuter χᾰμηλόν); first/second declension
- low on the ground
- (figuratively) of low station
- (figuratively) diminutive, trifling
Inflection
[edit]Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | χᾰμηλός khamēlós |
χᾰμηλή khamēlḗ |
χᾰμηλόν khamēlón |
χᾰμηλώ khamēlṓ |
χᾰμηλᾱ́ khamēlā́ |
χᾰμηλώ khamēlṓ |
χᾰμηλοί khamēloí |
χᾰμηλαί khamēlaí |
χᾰμηλᾰ́ khamēlá | |||||
Genitive | χᾰμηλοῦ khamēloû |
χᾰμηλῆς khamēlês |
χᾰμηλοῦ khamēloû |
χᾰμηλοῖν khamēloîn |
χᾰμηλαῖν khamēlaîn |
χᾰμηλοῖν khamēloîn |
χᾰμηλῶν khamēlôn |
χᾰμηλῶν khamēlôn |
χᾰμηλῶν khamēlôn | |||||
Dative | χᾰμηλῷ khamēlôi |
χᾰμηλῇ khamēlêi |
χᾰμηλῷ khamēlôi |
χᾰμηλοῖν khamēloîn |
χᾰμηλαῖν khamēlaîn |
χᾰμηλοῖν khamēloîn |
χᾰμηλοῖς khamēloîs |
χᾰμηλαῖς khamēlaîs |
χᾰμηλοῖς khamēloîs | |||||
Accusative | χᾰμηλόν khamēlón |
χᾰμηλήν khamēlḗn |
χᾰμηλόν khamēlón |
χᾰμηλώ khamēlṓ |
χᾰμηλᾱ́ khamēlā́ |
χᾰμηλώ khamēlṓ |
χᾰμηλούς khamēloús |
χᾰμηλᾱ́ς khamēlā́s |
χᾰμηλᾰ́ khamēlá | |||||
Vocative | χᾰμηλέ khamēlé |
χᾰμηλή khamēlḗ |
χᾰμηλόν khamēlón |
χᾰμηλώ khamēlṓ |
χᾰμηλᾱ́ khamēlā́ |
χᾰμηλώ khamēlṓ |
χᾰμηλοί khamēloí |
χᾰμηλαί khamēlaí |
χᾰμηλᾰ́ khamēlá | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
— | χᾰμηλότερος khamēlóteros |
χᾰμηλότᾰτος khamēlótatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
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Descendants
[edit]- Greek: χαμηλός (chamilós)
References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “χαμαί (DER > From χαμαί: χαμ-ηλός)”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1612-3
Further reading
[edit]- “χαμηλός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “χαμηλός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “χαμηλός”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- “χαμηλός”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Learnedly, from Hellenistic Koine Greek χαμηλός (khamēlós, “lowered”). Then Ancient Greek sense: "trivial". [1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]χαμηλός • (chamilós) m (feminine χαμηλή, neuter χαμηλό)
Declension
[edit]singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
nominative | χαμηλός (chamilós) | χαμηλή (chamilí) | χαμηλό (chamiló) | χαμηλοί (chamiloí) | χαμηλές (chamilés) | χαμηλά (chamilá) | |
genitive | χαμηλού (chamiloú) | χαμηλής (chamilís) | χαμηλού (chamiloú) | χαμηλών (chamilón) | χαμηλών (chamilón) | χαμηλών (chamilón) | |
accusative | χαμηλό (chamiló) | χαμηλή (chamilí) | χαμηλό (chamiló) | χαμηλούς (chamiloús) | χαμηλές (chamilés) | χαμηλά (chamilá) | |
vocative | χαμηλέ (chamilé) | χαμηλή (chamilí) | χαμηλό (chamiló) | χαμηλοί (chamiloí) | χαμηλές (chamilés) | χαμηλά (chamilá) |
Derivations:
Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο χαμηλός, etc.)
Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο χαμηλός, etc.)
Derivations: relative superlative: ο + comparative forms (eg "ο χαμηλότερος", etc)
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Synonyms
[edit]- χθαμαλός (chthamalós, “of low ground”) (rare)
Related terms
[edit]- χαμηλο- (chamilo-) compounds:
- χαμηλό ανάγλυφο n (chamiló anáglyfo, “low or bas relief”)
References
[edit]- ^ χαμηλός, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek 3-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek adjectives
- Ancient Greek oxytone terms
- Greek terms derived from Koine Greek
- Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Greek lemmas
- Greek adjectives
- Greek adjectives in declension ός-ή-ό