ὑψηλός

See also: υψηλός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From ὕψι (húpsi, “high”), ὕψος (húpsos, “height, summit”) +‎ -λός (-lós). Compare Proto-Celtic *ouxselos, whence Old Irish úasal, Welsh uchel and the first part of Gaulish Uxellodunum.^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hyp.sɛː.lós/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /(h)yp.se̝ˈlos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /yp.siˈlos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /yp.siˈlos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ip.siˈlos/

Adjective

ῠ̔ψηλός • (hŭpsēlós) m (feminine ῠ̔ψηλή, neuter ῠ̔ψηλόν); first/second declension

high, lofty
- 110 CE – 180 CE, Pausanias Periegeta, Graeciae Descriptio 5.13.9
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.426
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 3.384
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.110
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.97
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 732C
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 4.5.4
- 125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, A Professor of Public Speaking 6
- 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Eumenes 17
- 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 175D
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 6.2.29
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 7.4
- 5th century BC, Pherecrates, Fragmenta 64
(figuratively) high, lofty, stately, proud
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 2.22
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 5.1
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 3.111
- 380 BCE, Plato, Euthydemus 289E
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Epistles 341E
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 1230
1. (of persons)
  - 412 BCE, Euripides, Helen 418
  - 430 BCE, Euripides, Herakles' Children 613
  - 428 BCE, Euripides, Hippolytus 730
  - 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 494D
  - 440 BCE – 390 BCE, Andocides, On the Peace 7
  - 389 BCE – 314 BCE, Aeschines, On the Embassy 174
  - 423 BCE, Euripides, The Suppliants 555
  - Metrodorus, Fragments 57
  - 125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, Nigrinus 25
  - 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Dion 4
2. (of poets) sublime
  - 213 CE – 273 CE, Cassius Longinus, Collected Works 40.2
  - 213 CE – 273 CE, Cassius Longinus, Collected Works 43.3
  - 60 BCE – 7 BCE, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Commentaries on the Attic Orators: On Lysias 13
  - 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Pericles 5
  - 129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 10.12

Inflection

First and second declension of ῠ̔ψηλός; ῠ̔ψηλή; ῠ̔ψηλόν (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ῠ̔ψηλός hŭpsēlós	ῠ̔ψηλή hŭpsēlḗ	ῠ̔ψηλόν hŭpsēlón	ῠ̔ψηλώ hŭpsēlṓ	ῠ̔ψηλᾱ́ hŭpsēlā́	ῠ̔ψηλώ hŭpsēlṓ	ῠ̔ψηλοί hŭpsēloí	ῠ̔ψηλαί hŭpsēlaí	ῠ̔ψηλᾰ́ hŭpsēlắ
Genitive	ῠ̔ψηλοῦ hŭpsēloû	ῠ̔ψηλῆς hŭpsēlês	ῠ̔ψηλοῦ hŭpsēloû	ῠ̔ψηλοῖν hŭpsēloîn	ῠ̔ψηλαῖν hŭpsēlaîn	ῠ̔ψηλοῖν hŭpsēloîn	ῠ̔ψηλῶν hŭpsēlôn	ῠ̔ψηλῶν hŭpsēlôn	ῠ̔ψηλῶν hŭpsēlôn
Dative	ῠ̔ψηλῷ hŭpsēlôi	ῠ̔ψηλῇ hŭpsēlêi	ῠ̔ψηλῷ hŭpsēlôi	ῠ̔ψηλοῖν hŭpsēloîn	ῠ̔ψηλαῖν hŭpsēlaîn	ῠ̔ψηλοῖν hŭpsēloîn	ῠ̔ψηλοῖς hŭpsēloîs	ῠ̔ψηλαῖς hŭpsēlaîs	ῠ̔ψηλοῖς hŭpsēloîs
Accusative	ῠ̔ψηλόν hŭpsēlón	ῠ̔ψηλήν hŭpsēlḗn	ῠ̔ψηλόν hŭpsēlón	ῠ̔ψηλώ hŭpsēlṓ	ῠ̔ψηλᾱ́ hŭpsēlā́	ῠ̔ψηλώ hŭpsēlṓ	ῠ̔ψηλούς hŭpsēloús	ῠ̔ψηλᾱ́ς hŭpsēlā́s	ῠ̔ψηλᾰ́ hŭpsēlắ
Vocative	ῠ̔ψηλέ hŭpsēlé	ῠ̔ψηλή hŭpsēlḗ	ῠ̔ψηλόν hŭpsēlón	ῠ̔ψηλώ hŭpsēlṓ	ῠ̔ψηλᾱ́ hŭpsēlā́	ῠ̔ψηλώ hŭpsēlṓ	ῠ̔ψηλοί hŭpsēloí	ῠ̔ψηλαί hŭpsēlaí	ῠ̔ψηλᾰ́ hŭpsēlắ
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	ῠ̔ψηλῶς hŭpsēlôs			ῠ̔ψηλότερος hŭpsēlóteros			ῠ̔ψηλότᾰτος hŭpsēlótătos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First and second declension of ῠ̔ψηλός; ῠ̔ψηλή; ῠ̔ψηλόν (Epic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ῠ̔ψηλός hŭpsēlós	ῠ̔ψηλή hŭpsēlḗ	ῠ̔ψηλόν hŭpsēlón	ῠ̔ψηλώ hŭpsēlṓ	ῠ̔ψηλᾱ́ hŭpsēlā́	ῠ̔ψηλώ hŭpsēlṓ	ῠ̔ψηλοί hŭpsēloí	ῠ̔ψηλαί hŭpsēlaí	ῠ̔ψηλᾰ́ hŭpsēlắ
Genitive	ῠ̔ψηλοῦ / ῠ̔ψηλοῖο / ῠ̔ψηλόο hŭpsēloû / hŭpsēloîo / hŭpsēlóo	ῠ̔ψηλῆς hŭpsēlês	ῠ̔ψηλοῦ / ῠ̔ψηλοῖο / ῠ̔ψηλόο hŭpsēloû / hŭpsēloîo / hŭpsēlóo	ῠ̔ψηλοῖῐν hŭpsēloîĭn	ῠ̔ψηλαῖν / ῠ̔ψηλαῖῐν / ῠ̔ψηλῇῐν hŭpsēlaî(ĭ)n / hŭpsēlêiĭn	ῠ̔ψηλοῖῐν hŭpsēloîĭn	ῠ̔ψηλῶν hŭpsēlôn	ῠ̔ψηλᾱ́ων / ῠ̔ψηλέ͜ων / ῠ̔ψηλῶν hŭpsēlā́ōn / hŭpsēlé͜ōn / hŭpsēlôn	ῠ̔ψηλῶν hŭpsēlôn
Dative	ῠ̔ψηλῷ hŭpsēlôi	ῠ̔ψηλῇ hŭpsēlêi	ῠ̔ψηλῷ hŭpsēlôi	ῠ̔ψηλοῖῐν hŭpsēloîĭn	ῠ̔ψηλαῖν / ῠ̔ψηλαῖῐν / ῠ̔ψηλῇῐν hŭpsēlaî(ĭ)n / hŭpsēlêiĭn	ῠ̔ψηλοῖῐν hŭpsēloîĭn	ῠ̔ψηλοῖσῐ / ῠ̔ψηλοῖσῐν / ῠ̔ψηλοῖς hŭpsēloîsĭ(n) / hŭpsēloîs	ῠ̔ψηλῇσῐ / ῠ̔ψηλῇσῐν / ῠ̔ψηλῇς / ῠ̔ψηλαῖς hŭpsēlêisĭ(n) / hŭpsēlêis / hŭpsēlaîs	ῠ̔ψηλοῖσῐ / ῠ̔ψηλοῖσῐν / ῠ̔ψηλοῖς hŭpsēloîsĭ(n) / hŭpsēloîs
Accusative	ῠ̔ψηλόν hŭpsēlón	ῠ̔ψηλήν hŭpsēlḗn	ῠ̔ψηλόν hŭpsēlón	ῠ̔ψηλώ hŭpsēlṓ	ῠ̔ψηλᾱ́ hŭpsēlā́	ῠ̔ψηλώ hŭpsēlṓ	ῠ̔ψηλούς hŭpsēloús	ῠ̔ψηλᾱ́ς hŭpsēlā́s	ῠ̔ψηλᾰ́ hŭpsēlắ
Vocative	ῠ̔ψηλέ hŭpsēlé	ῠ̔ψηλή hŭpsēlḗ	ῠ̔ψηλόν hŭpsēlón	ῠ̔ψηλώ hŭpsēlṓ	ῠ̔ψηλᾱ́ hŭpsēlā́	ῠ̔ψηλώ hŭpsēlṓ	ῠ̔ψηλοί hŭpsēloí	ῠ̔ψηλαί hŭpsēlaí	ῠ̔ψηλᾰ́ hŭpsēlắ
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	ῠ̔ψηλῶς hŭpsēlôs			ῠ̔ψηλότερος hŭpsēlóteros			ῠ̔ψηλότᾰτος hŭpsēlótătos
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

ῠ̔ψηλόκρημνος (hŭpsēlókrēmnos)

Descendants

Greek: ψηλός (psilós), υψηλός (ypsilós)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ὕψι ( > DER > 4. ὑψηλός)”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1541