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κάμπτω

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Ancient Greek

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Hellenic *kámptō, *kamptos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂emp- (to bend, curve), possibly related to Latin campus and Lithuanian kampas, kumpas. Beekes argues for a Pre-Greek or European substrate origin for the root.[1] Compare Latin cambiāre, Italian cambiare, Portuguese cambiar, Spanish cambiar, Occitan cambiar, Catalan canviar, Norman changier, Sicilian cangiari, French changer, and English change.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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κάμπτω (kámptō)

  1. to bend, curve
    • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 4.486:
      ὄφρα ἴτυν κάμψῃ περικαλλέϊ δίφρῳ
      óphra ítun kámpsēi perikalléï díphrōi
      in order that he might bend himself a felloe for a beauteous chariot
    1. (figuratively)
      • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 2.51:
        θεός, ὃ [] καὶ ὑψιφρόνων τιν’ ἔκαμψε βροτῶν
        theós, hò [] kaì hupsiphrónōn tin’ ékampse brotôn
        the gods, who [] bend down many a man who is overly ambitious
      • 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 173b:
        τρεπόμενοι πολλὰ κάμπτονται καὶ συγκλῶνται
        trepómenoi pollà kámptontai kaì sunklôntai
        so that they become greatly bent and stunted
  2. (transitive, intransitive) to turn
    • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 744:
      ἔπειτα λύων ἡνίαν ἀριστερὰν κάμπτοντος ἵππου
      épeita lúōn hēnían aristeràn kámptontos híppou
      But then he slackened his left rein while the horse was turning
    1. (figuratively)
      • 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 91:
        ἐνταῦθα κάμψειν τὸν ταλαίπωρον βίον
        entaûtha kámpsein tòn talaípōron bíon
        there I should close my weary life
      • 423 BCE, Euripides, The Suppliants 748:
        ἔχουσαι διὰ λόγου κάμψαι κακά
        ékhousai dià lógou kámpsai kaká
        though you might by parley end your ills
      • 5th century BC, Pherecrates, Fragmenta 145.15
  3. (nautical) to double (sail around)
    • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.42.4:
      τρίτῳ ἔτεϊ κάμψαντες Ἡρακλέας στήλας ἀπίκοντο ἐς Αἴγυπτον
      trítōi éteï kámpsantes Hērakléas stḗlas apíkonto es Aígupton
      it was in the third [year] that they doubled the pillars of Heracles and came to Egypt

Inflection

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Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κάμπτω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 632-3

Further reading

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Greek

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Etymology

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From Ancient Greek κάμπτω

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈkam.pto/, /ˈkam.to/
  • Hyphenation: κάμ‧πτω

Verb

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κάμπτω (kámpto) (past έκαμψα, passive κάμπτομαι)

  1. (transitive) to bend, to curve
  2. (transitive, figuratively) to bend, to cause to yield (to force to submit)

Conjugation

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Synonyms

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Verb-compounds (and see their derivatives)