δόρυ

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *dóru, from Proto-Indo-European *dóru. Cognates include Sanskrit दारु (dā́ru), Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎽𐎢𐎺 (d-a-ru-u-v /⁠dāruv⁠/) and Old English trēow (English tree). Also see δρῦς (drûs).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /dó.ry/ → /ˈðo.ry/ → /ˈðo.ri/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /dó.ry/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈdo.ry/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈðo.ry/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈðo.ry/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈðo.ri/

Noun

δόρῠ • (dórŭ) n (genitive δόρᾰτος); third declension

1. wood, tree, stem
2. spear shaft, spear, lance, pole, lance

Inflection

Third declension of τὸ δόρῠ; τοῦ δόρᾰτος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ δόρῠ tò dórŭ	τὼ δόρᾰτε tṑ dórăte	τᾰ̀ δόρᾰτᾰ tằ dórătă
Genitive	τοῦ δόρᾰτος toû dórătos	τοῖν δορᾰ́τοιν toîn dorắtoin	τῶν δορᾰ́των tôn dorắtōn
Dative	τῷ δόρᾰτῐ tôi dórătĭ	τοῖν δορᾰ́τοιν toîn dorắtoin	τοῖς δόρᾰσῐ / δόρᾰσῐν toîs dórăsĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸ δόρῠ tò dórŭ	τὼ δόρᾰτε tṑ dórăte	τᾰ̀ δόρᾰτᾰ tằ dórătă
Vocative	δόρῠ dórŭ	δόρᾰτε dórăte	δόρᾰτᾰ dórătă
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of τὸ δόρῠ; τοῦ δόρᾰτος (Tragic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ δόρῠ tò dórŭ	τὼ δόρᾰτε tṑ dórăte	τᾰ̀ δόρᾰτᾰ / δόρη / δοῦρᾰς tằ dórătă / dórē / doûrăs
Genitive	τοῦ δόρᾰτος / δορός toû dórătos / dorós	τοῖν δορᾰ́τοιν toîn dorắtoin	τῶν δορᾰ́των / δορῶν tôn dorắtōn / dorôn
Dative	τῷ δόρᾰτῐ / δορῐ́ / δόρει tôi dórătĭ / dorĭ́ / dórei	τοῖν δορᾰ́τοιν toîn dorắtoin	τοῖς δόρᾰσῐ / δόρᾰσῐν toîs dórăsĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸ δόρῠ tò dórŭ	τὼ δόρᾰτε tṑ dórăte	τᾰ̀ δόρᾰτᾰ / δόρη / δοῦρᾰς tằ dórătă / dórē / doûrăs
Vocative	δόρῠ dórŭ	δόρᾰτε dórăte	δόρᾰτᾰ / δόρη / δοῦρᾰς dórătă / dórē / doûrăs
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Third declension of τὸ δόρῠ; τοῦ δούρᾰτος (Ionic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ δόρῠ tò dórŭ	τὼ δούρᾰτε tṑ doúrăte	τᾰ̀ δούρᾰτᾰ tằ doúrătă
Genitive	τοῦ δούρᾰτος toû doúrătos	τοῖν δουρᾰ́τοιν toîn dourắtoin	τῶν δουρᾰ́των tôn dourắtōn
Dative	τῷ δούρᾰτῐ tôi doúrătĭ	τοῖν δουρᾰ́τοιν toîn dourắtoin	τοῖσῐ / τοῖσῐν δούρᾰσῐ / δούρᾰσῐν toîsĭ(n) doúrăsĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸ δόρῠ tò dórŭ	τὼ δούρᾰτε tṑ doúrăte	τᾰ̀ δούρᾰτᾰ tằ doúrătă
Vocative	δόρῠ dórŭ	δούρᾰτε doúrăte	δούρᾰτᾰ doúrătă
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Irregular declension of δόρῠ; δουρός (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	δόρῠ dórŭ	δοῦρε doûre	δοῦρᾰ / δούρᾰτᾰ doûră / doúrătă
Genitive	δουρός / δούρᾰτος dourós / doúrătos	δούροιῐν doúroiĭn	δούρων doúrōn
Dative	δουρῐ́ / δούρᾰτῐ dourĭ́ / doúrătĭ	δούροιῐν doúroiĭn	δούρεσσῐ / δούροις doúressĭ / doúrois
Accusative	δόρῠ dórŭ	δοῦρε doûre	δοῦρᾰ / δούρᾰτᾰ doûră / doúrătă
Vocative	δόρῠ dórŭ	δοῦρε doûre	δοῦρᾰ / δούρᾰτᾰ doûră / doúrătă
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

• δουρικλυτός (douriklutós)/-κλειτός (-kleitós)
• δορυδρέπανον (dorudrépanon)
• δορατισμός (doratismós)
• διαδορατισμός (diadoratismós)
• δορυφόρος (doruphóros)

Descendants

• → English: doru, dory (learned)
• Greek: δόρυ n (dóry, “spear”)

References

• “δόρυ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “δόρυ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “δόρυ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• δόρυ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• δόρυ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• δόρυ in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
• “δόρυ”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • army idem, page 40.
  • battle idem, page 65.
  • boat idem, page 87.
  • dart idem, page 195.
  • fight idem, page 318.
  • javelin idem, page 462.
  • lance idem, page 474.
  • plank idem, page 617.
  • ship idem, page 766.
  • spar idem, page 798.
  • spear idem, page 799.
  • warfare idem, page 964.
  • wood idem, page 987.

Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek δόρυ (dóru).

Noun

δόρυ • (dóry) n (plural δόρατα)

1. (military) pike, spear

Declension

Declension of δόρυ

	singular	plural
nominative	δόρυ (dóry)	δόρατα (dórata)
genitive	δόρατος (dóratos)	δοράτων (doráton)
accusative	δόρυ (dóry)	δόρατα (dórata)
vocative	δόρυ (dóry)	δόρατα (dórata)

Synonyms

• λόγχη (lónchi)

Related terms

• δρυς f (drys, “oak tree”)

See also

• ακόντιο n (akóntio, “spear”)

Further reading

• δόρυ on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^el