verja

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse verja, from Proto-Germanic *warjaną.

Verb

verja (third person singular past indicative vardi, third person plural past indicative vardu, supine vart)

1. to defend
2. to protect

Conjugation

Conjugation of verja (group v-17)

infinitive	verja
supine	vart
	present	past
first singular	verji	vardi
second singular	verjir	vardi
third singular	verjir	vardi
plural	verja	vardu
participle (a7)1	verjandi	vardur
	imperative
singular	verj!
plural	verjið!

¹Only the past participle being declined.

Related terms

• verji (guardian, defender)

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈvɛrja/

  Rhymes: -ɛrja

Etymology 1

From Old Norse verja, from Proto-Germanic *warjaną.

Verb

verja (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative varði, supine varið)

1. to defend, guard, protect [with accusative]
2. (law) to defend (represent [a defendant] in a court of law) [with accusative]
3. to protect [with accusative ‘something’ and dative ‘against something’]
4. to prevent [with dative]
5. to prevent [with dative ‘someone/something’ and accusative ‘from entering/taking something’]
6. to cover with a protective layer or coating (e.g. corrugated iron or a coat of paint) [with accusative]
7. to make use of, to spend (time) [with dative]

Conjugation

verja — active voice (germynd)

infinitive (nafnháttur)		að verja
supine (sagnbót)		varið
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		verjandi
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég ver	við verjum	present (nútíð)	ég verji	við verjum
	þú verð	þið verjið		þú verjir	þið verjið
	hann, hún, það ver	þeir, þær, þau verja		hann, hún, það verji	þeir, þær, þau verji
past (þátíð)	ég varði	við vörðum	past (þátíð)	ég verði	við verðum
	þú varðir	þið vörðuð		þú verðir	þið verðuð
	hann, hún, það varði	þeir, þær, þau vörðu		hann, hún, það verði	þeir, þær, þau verðu
imperative (boðháttur)	ver (þú)	verjið (þið)
	Forms with appended personal pronoun
	verðu	verjiði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

verjast — mediopassive voice (miðmynd)

infinitive (nafnháttur)		að verjast
supine (sagnbót)		varist
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		verjandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég verst	við verjumst	present (nútíð)	ég verjist	við verjumst
	þú verst	þið verjist		þú verjist	þið verjist
	hann, hún, það verst	þeir, þær, þau verjast		hann, hún, það verjist	þeir, þær, þau verjist
past (þátíð)	ég varðist	við vörðumst	past (þátíð)	ég verðist	við verðumst
	þú varðist	þið vörðust		þú verðist	þið verðust
	hann, hún, það varðist	þeir, þær, þau vörðust		hann, hún, það verðist	þeir, þær, þau verðust
imperative (boðháttur)	verst (þú)	verist (þið)
	Forms with appended personal pronoun
	verstu	veristi *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

varinn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)

strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)				plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)		masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	varinn	varin	varið		varðir	varðar	varin
accusative (þolfall)	varinn	varða	varið		varða	varðar	varin
dative (þágufall)	vörðum	varinni	vörðu		vörðum	vörðum	vörðum
genitive (eignarfall)	varins	varinnar	varins		varinna	varinna	varinna
weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)				plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)		masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	varði	varða	varða		vörðu	vörðu	vörðu
accusative (þolfall)	varða	vörðu	varða		vörðu	vörðu	vörðu
dative (þágufall)	varða	vörðu	varða		vörðu	vörðu	vörðu
genitive (eignarfall)	varða	vörðu	varða		vörðu	vörðu	vörðu

Synonyms

• (to protect): vernda, hlífa

Etymology 2

Verb

verja (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative varði, supine varið)

1. (regarding money or time) to spend, to use, to invest, to devote

Derived terms

• varið (adjective)

Etymology 3

From Old Norse verja, from Proto-Germanic *warjǭ.

Noun

verja f (genitive singular verju, nominative plural verjur)

1. armour, protection

   Synonym: hlíf

2. contraceptive device, especially referring to a condom

   Synonym: smokkur

Declension

Declension of verja (feminine)

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	verja	verjan	verjur	verjurnar
accusative	verju	verjuna	verjur	verjurnar
dative	verju	verjunni	verjum	verjunum
genitive	verju	verjunnar	verja	verjanna

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From Old Norse verja, from Proto-Germanic *warjaną.

Alternative forms

• verje (e infinitive)

Verb

verja (present tense verjar or ver, past tense verja or varde, supine verja or vart, past participle verja or vard, present participle verjande, imperative verj)

1. to defend, protect

   Kven skal verja oss no?

   Who is going to protect us now?

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

verja f

1. definite singular of verje

References

• “verja” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Norse

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *warjaną.

Verb

verja (singular present indicative verr, singular past indicative varði)

1. to defend
   1. (law) to defend a case

      Antonym: sǿkja

2. to thwart

Conjugation

Conjugation of verja — active (weak class 1)

infinitive	verja
present participle	verjandi
past participle	varðr, variðr
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	ver	varða
2nd-person singular	verr	varðir
3rd-person singular	verr	varði
1st-person plural	verjum	vǫrðum
2nd-person plural	verið	vǫrðuð
3rd-person plural	verja	vǫrðu
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	verja	verða
2nd-person singular	verir	verðir
3rd-person singular	veri	verði
1st-person plural	verim	verðim
2nd-person plural	verið	verðið
3rd-person plural	veri	verði
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	ver
1st-person plural	verjum
2nd-person plural	verið

Conjugation of verja — mediopassive (weak class 1)

infinitive	verjask
present participle	verjandisk
past participle	verzk, varizk
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	verjumk	vǫrðumk
2nd-person singular	versk	varðisk
3rd-person singular	versk	varðisk
1st-person plural	verjumsk	vǫrðumsk
2nd-person plural	verizk	vǫrðuzk
3rd-person plural	verjask	vǫrðusk
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	verjumk	verðumk
2nd-person singular	verisk	verðisk
3rd-person singular	verisk	verðisk
1st-person plural	verimsk	verðimsk
2nd-person plural	verizk	verðizk
3rd-person plural	verisk	verðisk
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	versk
1st-person plural	verjumsk
2nd-person plural	verizk

Descendants

• Icelandic: verja
• Faroese: verja
• Norwegian Nynorsk: verja
• Old Swedish: væria
  • Swedish: värja
• Old Danish: wæriæ
  • Danish: værge
    • Norwegian Bokmål: verge

Noun

verja f (genitive verju)

1. defense

   Synonym: vǫrn

Declension

Declension of verja (weak jōn-stem)

feminine	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	verja	verjan	verjur	verjurnar
accusative	verju	verjuna	verjur	verjurnar
dative	verju	verjunni	verjum	verjunum
genitive	verju	verjunnar	verja	verjanna

Descendants

• Norwegian Nynorsk: verje

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *wazjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *woséyeti, of the root *wes- (“to dress, clothe”). Akin to Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wasjan) and Albanian vesh.

Verb

verja (singular present indicative verr, singular past indicative varði)

1. to wrap, enclose
2. to invest money, expend

Conjugation

Conjugation of verja — active (weak class 1)

infinitive	verja
present participle	verjandi
past participle	varðr, variðr
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	ver	varða
2nd-person singular	verr	varðir
3rd-person singular	verr	varði
1st-person plural	verjum	vǫrðum
2nd-person plural	verið	vǫrðuð
3rd-person plural	verja	vǫrðu
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	verja	verða
2nd-person singular	verir	verðir
3rd-person singular	veri	verði
1st-person plural	verim	verðim
2nd-person plural	verið	verðið
3rd-person plural	veri	verði
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	ver
1st-person plural	verjum
2nd-person plural	verið

Conjugation of verja — mediopassive (weak class 1)

infinitive	verjask
present participle	verjandisk
past participle	verzk, varizk
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	verjumk	vǫrðumk
2nd-person singular	versk	varðisk
3rd-person singular	versk	varðisk
1st-person plural	verjumsk	vǫrðumsk
2nd-person plural	verizk	vǫrðuzk
3rd-person plural	verjask	vǫrðusk
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	verjumk	verðumk
2nd-person singular	verisk	verðisk
3rd-person singular	verisk	verðisk
1st-person plural	verimsk	verðimsk
2nd-person plural	verizk	verðizk
3rd-person plural	verisk	verðisk
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	versk
1st-person plural	verjumsk
2nd-person plural	verizk

Noun

verja f (genitive verju)

1. outer garment, cloak

Declension

Declension of verja (weak jōn-stem)

feminine	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	verja	verjan	verjur	verjurnar
accusative	verju	verjuna	verjur	verjurnar
dative	verju	verjunni	verjum	verjunum
genitive	verju	verjunnar	verja	verjanna

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

verja

1. genitive plural indefinite of ver

Further reading

• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “verja”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from French verge (“rod”). Doublet of verga.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbeɾxa/ [ˈbeɾ.xa]
• Rhymes: -eɾxa
• Syllabification: ver‧ja

Noun

verja f (plural verjas)

1. gate, railing (usually an iron gate with balusters)
2. fence (often made of trellis)

   Synonyms: cerca, valla

Further reading

• “verja”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10