trūkt
Latvian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Baltic *trūk-, from the same Proto-Indo-European stem *trewk-, *trūk- as Latvian traukt (“to rush, to speed, to sweep”) (q.v.). Cognates include Lithuanian trū́kti. Corresponding to the older meaning of traukt: “to jerk, to pull, to pluck,” the meaning of trūkt was at first “to be pulled, plucked,” and then “to break, to creak, to split (off)” — still an extant, albeit unfrequent, meaning, and also the basis of the meaning of many derived verbs: iztrūkt (“to come off (knob, button)”), notrūkt (“to come, tear off”), pārtrūkt (“to break, to burst, to snap”), satrūkties (“to start, to jump”), uztrūkties (“to start”) —, and finally “to not be there, to be less (than necessary), to lack,” which is the basis for pietrūkt (“to be, run short of”), iztrūkums (“deficit, shortage”).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]
Verb
[edit]trūkt (intransitive + dative, 1st conjugation, only 3rd person, present trūkst, past trūka)
- to lack, to be in short supply, to not be available
- trūkst laika, naudas ― there is little or no time, money
- trūkst telpu ― there is little or no space
- darba netrūkst ― there is no lack of work
- mums netrūkst nekā ― we lack nothing
- telpā trūkst gaisa ― in the room there is little or no air
- slimniekam trūkst elpas ― the patient is short of breath
- uzturā trūkst vitamīnu ― in (this) diet vitamins are lacking
- (of body parts) to lack (to have lost, amputated)
- tēva labajai rokai trūka divu pirkstu ― (my) father's right hand lacked two fingers
- Kristam trūka rokas līdz elkonim ― Krists lacked an arm (up) to the elbow
- (of qualities, forces, knowledge) to lack, to not be enough
- par to mums trūkst ziņu ― we lack, have no news about that
- meitenei trūkst izglītības ― the girl lacks education
- aktierim trūkst talanta ― the actor lacks talent
- viņam trūkst pašapziņas, izdomas ― he lacks self-confidence, ingenuity
- viņam trūkst drosmes atzīties ― he lacks the courage to confess
- viņam trūkst pieredzes, zināšanu, meistarības ― he lacks experience, knowledge, skill
- viņam trūkst vārdu, lai izteiktu savu sajūsmu ― he lacks, has no words to express his delight
- to miss, to be absent, to not be there
- klasē trūkst divu skolēnu ― in class two students are missing
- plauktā trūkst dažu grāmatu ― some books are missing on the shelf
- pie viņas bija vecā krustmāte, bija Marta, bija Aina, Vilma; trūka vienīgi Artūrs ― at her (house) were (her) old godmother, Marta, Aina, Vilma; only Artūrs was missing
- ja manis kur trūkst un tas trūkums netiek nomanīts, tad tas man pašam vislabāk, ka manis tur trūkst ― if I am absent somewhere and this absence is not noticed, then it is better to me that I am absent there
- tos trūkstošos trīsdesmit vai četrdesmit miljonus viņi man labprāt piešķirs ― the missing thirty or forty million they will give me willingly
- to miss, to suffer because of the absence (of someone, something)
- ziedu un rūpju vidū man tevis trūks ― among the flowers and the concerns, I will miss you
- Augusts uzreiz sajuta, ka viņam trūkst sievas ― Augusts immediately felt that he was missing his wife
- (of ropes, threads, lines, etc., often together with the adverb in two, asunder, apart, torn) to snap, to split in two parts under tension
- virve trūkst pušu ― the rope snaps
- pavediens mezglojas un trūkst ― the wire gets entangled and snaps
- savītas stieples tik ātri netrūks ― (inter)twined, wound wires won't snap so fast
- dzimtas sakari trūkst ka pakulu pavedieni ― family ties snap like tow fibers
Usage notes
[edit]Normally used in the third person, this verb takes at most two complements: in the genitive, that which is lacking; and, in the dative, the entity that lacks it. Man trūkst laika — I(dat.) lack, have no time(gen.).
Conjugation
[edit]| INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) | IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (tagadne) |
Past (pagātne) |
Future (nākotne) | |||
| 1st pers. sg. | es | — | — | — | — |
| 2nd pers. sg. | tu | — | — | — | — |
| 3rd pers. sg. | viņš, viņa | trūkst | trūka | trūks | lai trūkst |
| 1st pers. pl. | mēs | — | — | — | — |
| 2nd pers. pl. | jūs | — | — | — | — |
| 3rd pers. pl. | viņi, viņas | trūkst | trūka | trūks | lai trūkst |
| RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) | PARTICIPLES (divdabji) | ||||
| Present | trūkstot | Present Active 1 (Adj.) | trūkstošs | ||
| Past | esot trūcis | Present Active 2 (Adv.) | trūkdams | ||
| Future | trūkšot | Present Active 3 (Adv.) | trūkstot | ||
| Imperative | lai trūkstot | Present Active 4 (Obj.) | trūkstam | ||
| CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) | Past Active | trūcis | |||
| Present | trūktu | Present Passive | — | ||
| Past | būtu trūcis | Past Passive | — | ||
| DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) | NOMINAL FORMS | ||||
| Indicative | (būt) jātrūkst | Infinitive (nenoteiksme) | trūkt | ||
| Conjunctive 1 | esot jātrūkst | Negative Infinitive | netrūkt | ||
| Conjunctive 2 | jātrūkstot | Verbal noun | trūkšana | ||
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- prefixed verbs:
- other derived terms:
References
[edit]- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “trūkt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
- Latvian etymologies from LEV
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latvian words with level intonation
- Latvian intransitive verbs
- Latvian intransitive verbs with dative complements
- Latvian lemmas
- Latvian verbs
- Latvian terms with usage examples
- Latvian first conjugation verbs
- Latvian third-person-only verbs
- Latvian first conjugation verbs in -t
- Latvian -st- type first conjugation verbs
- Latvian first conjugation verbs in -gt or -kt