toana

Estonian

Noun

toana

1. essive singular of tuba

Makasar

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈtɔana]

Noun

toana (Lontara spelling ᨈᨚᨕᨊ)

1. guest

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-toana (infinitive kutoana)

1. Reciprocal form of -toa

Conjugation

Conjugation of -toana
Positive present -natoana Subjunctive -toane Negative -toani Imperative singular toana
Infinitives
Positive kutoana Negative kutotoana
Imperatives
Singular toana Plural toaneni
Tensed forms
Habitual hutoana Positive past positive subject concord + -litoana Negative past negative subject concord + -kutoana
Positive present (positive subject concord + -natoana) Singular Plural 1st person ninatoana/natoana tunatoana 2nd person unatoana mnatoana 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anatoana wanatoana other classes positive subject concord + -natoana
Negative present (negative subject concord + -toani) Singular Plural 1st person sitoani hatutoani 2nd person hutoani hamtoani 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hatoani hawatoani other classes negative subject concord + -toani
Positive future positive subject concord + -tatoana Negative future negative subject concord + -tatoana
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -toane) Singular Plural 1st person nitoane tutoane 2nd person utoane mtoane 3rd person m-wa(I/II) atoane watoane other classes positive subject concord + -toane
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sitoane Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngetoana Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singetoana Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalitoana Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalitoana
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -atoana) Singular Plural 1st person natoana twatoana 2nd person watoana mwatoana 3rd person m-wa(I/II) atoana watoana m-mi(III/IV) watoana yatoana ji-ma(V/VI) latoana yatoana ki-vi(VII/VIII) chatoana vyatoana n(IX/X) yatoana zatoana u(XI) watoana see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwatoana pa(XVI) patoana mu(XVIII) mwatoana
Perfect positive subject concord + -metoana "Already" positive subject concord + -meshatoana "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jatoana "If/When" positive subject concord + -kitoana "If not" positive subject concord + -sipotoana Consecutive katoana / positive subject concord + -katoana Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -katoane Object concord —
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + -toana- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -toanaye -toanao m-mi(III/IV) -toanao -toanayo ji-ma(V/VI) -toanalo -toanayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -toanacho -toanavyo n(IX/X) -toanayo -toanazo u(XI) -toanao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -toanako pa(XVI) -toanapo mu(XVIII) -toanamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + -toana) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yetoana -otoana m-mi(III/IV) -otoana -yotoana ji-ma(V/VI) -lotoana -yotoana ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chotoana -vyotoana n(IX/X) -yotoana -zotoana u(XI) -otoana see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kotoana pa(XVI) -potoana mu(XVIII) -motoana
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Nominal derivations:
  • mtoano (“knockout”)