sortaa

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *sortadak (“to tip over, knock down”). Cognate with Ingrian sortaa, Karelian šortua, Ludian sortta and Veps sorta.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsortɑːˣ/, [ˈs̠o̞rt̪ɑ̝ː(ʔ)]
• Rhymes: -ortɑː
• Hyphenation^(key): sor‧taa

Verb

sortaa

1. (transitive) to trample, treat harshly
2. (transitive, usually atelic) to oppress, persecute, tyrannize, repress, bully
3. (transitive, nautical) to cause to drift leeward
4. (transitive, now dialectal) to tip over, cause to fall over, knock down
5. (transitive, rare) Synonym of sorruttaa

Conjugation

Inflection of sortaa (Kotus type 53*K/muistaa, rt-rr gradation)
indicative mood
present tense				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		sorran	en sorra	1st sing.	olen sortanut	en ole sortanut
2nd sing.		sorrat	et sorra	2nd sing.	olet sortanut	et ole sortanut
3rd sing.		sortaa	ei sorra	3rd sing.	on sortanut	ei ole sortanut
1st plur.		sorramme	emme sorra	1st plur.	olemme sortaneet	emme ole sortaneet
2nd plur.		sorratte	ette sorra	2nd plur.	olette sortaneet	ette ole sortaneet
3rd plur.		sortavat	eivät sorra	3rd plur.	ovat sortaneet	eivät ole sortaneet
passive		sorretaan	ei sorreta	passive	on sorrettu	ei ole sorrettu
past tense				pluperfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		sorrin	en sortanut	1st sing.	olin sortanut	en ollut sortanut
2nd sing.		sorrit	et sortanut	2nd sing.	olit sortanut	et ollut sortanut
3rd sing.		sorti	ei sortanut	3rd sing.	oli sortanut	ei ollut sortanut
1st plur.		sorrimme	emme sortaneet	1st plur.	olimme sortaneet	emme olleet sortaneet
2nd plur.		sorritte	ette sortaneet	2nd plur.	olitte sortaneet	ette olleet sortaneet
3rd plur.		sortivat	eivät sortaneet	3rd plur.	olivat sortaneet	eivät olleet sortaneet
passive		sorrettiin	ei sorrettu	passive	oli sorrettu	ei ollut sorrettu
conditional mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		sortaisin	en sortaisi	1st sing.	olisin sortanut	en olisi sortanut
2nd sing.		sortaisit	et sortaisi	2nd sing.	olisit sortanut	et olisi sortanut
3rd sing.		sortaisi	ei sortaisi	3rd sing.	olisi sortanut	ei olisi sortanut
1st plur.		sortaisimme	emme sortaisi	1st plur.	olisimme sortaneet	emme olisi sortaneet
2nd plur.		sortaisitte	ette sortaisi	2nd plur.	olisitte sortaneet	ette olisi sortaneet
3rd plur.		sortaisivat	eivät sortaisi	3rd plur.	olisivat sortaneet	eivät olisi sortaneet
passive		sorrettaisiin	ei sorrettaisi	passive	olisi sorrettu	ei olisi sorrettu
imperative mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		—	—	1st sing.	—	—
2nd sing.		sorra	älä sorra	2nd sing.	—	—
3rd sing.		sortakoon	älköön sortako	3rd sing.	olkoon sortanut	älköön olko sortanut
1st plur.		sortakaamme	älkäämme sortako	1st plur.	—	—
2nd plur.		sortakaa	älkää sortako	2nd plur.	—	—
3rd plur.		sortakoot	älkööt sortako	3rd plur.	olkoot sortaneet	älkööt olko sortaneet
passive		sorrettakoon	älköön sorrettako	passive	olkoon sorrettu	älköön olko sorrettu
potential mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		sortanen	en sortane	1st sing.	lienen sortanut	en liene sortanut
2nd sing.		sortanet	et sortane	2nd sing.	lienet sortanut	et liene sortanut
3rd sing.		sortanee	ei sortane	3rd sing.	lienee sortanut	ei liene sortanut
1st plur.		sortanemme	emme sortane	1st plur.	lienemme sortaneet	emme liene sortaneet
2nd plur.		sortanette	ette sortane	2nd plur.	lienette sortaneet	ette liene sortaneet
3rd plur.		sortanevat	eivät sortane	3rd plur.	lienevät sortaneet	eivät liene sortaneet
passive		sorrettaneen	ei sorrettane	passive	lienee sorrettu	ei liene sorrettu
Nominal forms
infinitives				participles
		active	passive		active	passive
1st		sortaa		present	sortava	sorrettava
long 1st1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st sortaakseni sortaaksemme 2nd sortaaksesi sortaaksenne 3rd sortaakseen sortaaksensa		past	sortanut	sorrettu
2nd	inessive2	sortaessa	sorrettaessa	agent4	sortama
		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st sortaessani sortaessamme 2nd sortaessasi sortaessanne 3rd sortaessaan sortaessansa		negative	sortamaton
	instructive	sortaen	—	1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). 3) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details). 4) Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms. * The third-person singular indicative form sortaa does not exhibit final gemination, unlike the first infinitive (the lemma form), even though they are spelled identically.
3rd	inessive	sortamassa	—
	elative	sortamasta	—
	illative	sortamaan	—
	adessive	sortamalla	—
	abessive	sortamatta	—
	instructive	sortaman	sorrettaman
4th3	verbal noun	sortaminen
5th1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st sortamaisillani sortamaisillamme 2nd sortamaisillasi sortamaisillanne 3rd sortamaisillaan sortamaisillansa

Less common:

Inflection of sortaa (Kotus type 55*K/soutaa, rt-rr gradation)
indicative mood
present tense				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		sorran	en sorra	1st sing.	olen sortanut	en ole sortanut
2nd sing.		sorrat	et sorra	2nd sing.	olet sortanut	et ole sortanut
3rd sing.		sortaa	ei sorra	3rd sing.	on sortanut	ei ole sortanut
1st plur.		sorramme	emme sorra	1st plur.	olemme sortaneet	emme ole sortaneet
2nd plur.		sorratte	ette sorra	2nd plur.	olette sortaneet	ette ole sortaneet
3rd plur.		sortavat	eivät sorra	3rd plur.	ovat sortaneet	eivät ole sortaneet
passive		sorretaan	ei sorreta	passive	on sorrettu	ei ole sorrettu
past tense				pluperfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		sorrin sorsin	en sortanut	1st sing.	olin sortanut	en ollut sortanut
2nd sing.		sorrit sorsit	et sortanut	2nd sing.	olit sortanut	et ollut sortanut
3rd sing.		sorti sorsi	ei sortanut	3rd sing.	oli sortanut	ei ollut sortanut
1st plur.		sorrimme sorsimme	emme sortaneet	1st plur.	olimme sortaneet	emme olleet sortaneet
2nd plur.		sorritte sorsitte	ette sortaneet	2nd plur.	olitte sortaneet	ette olleet sortaneet
3rd plur.		sortivat sorsivat	eivät sortaneet	3rd plur.	olivat sortaneet	eivät olleet sortaneet
passive		sorrettiin	ei sorrettu	passive	oli sorrettu	ei ollut sorrettu
conditional mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		sortaisin	en sortaisi	1st sing.	olisin sortanut	en olisi sortanut
2nd sing.		sortaisit	et sortaisi	2nd sing.	olisit sortanut	et olisi sortanut
3rd sing.		sortaisi	ei sortaisi	3rd sing.	olisi sortanut	ei olisi sortanut
1st plur.		sortaisimme	emme sortaisi	1st plur.	olisimme sortaneet	emme olisi sortaneet
2nd plur.		sortaisitte	ette sortaisi	2nd plur.	olisitte sortaneet	ette olisi sortaneet
3rd plur.		sortaisivat	eivät sortaisi	3rd plur.	olisivat sortaneet	eivät olisi sortaneet
passive		sorrettaisiin	ei sorrettaisi	passive	olisi sorrettu	ei olisi sorrettu
imperative mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		—	—	1st sing.	—	—
2nd sing.		sorra	älä sorra	2nd sing.	—	—
3rd sing.		sortakoon	älköön sortako	3rd sing.	olkoon sortanut	älköön olko sortanut
1st plur.		sortakaamme	älkäämme sortako	1st plur.	—	—
2nd plur.		sortakaa	älkää sortako	2nd plur.	—	—
3rd plur.		sortakoot	älkööt sortako	3rd plur.	olkoot sortaneet	älkööt olko sortaneet
passive		sorrettakoon	älköön sorrettako	passive	olkoon sorrettu	älköön olko sorrettu
potential mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		sortanen	en sortane	1st sing.	lienen sortanut	en liene sortanut
2nd sing.		sortanet	et sortane	2nd sing.	lienet sortanut	et liene sortanut
3rd sing.		sortanee	ei sortane	3rd sing.	lienee sortanut	ei liene sortanut
1st plur.		sortanemme	emme sortane	1st plur.	lienemme sortaneet	emme liene sortaneet
2nd plur.		sortanette	ette sortane	2nd plur.	lienette sortaneet	ette liene sortaneet
3rd plur.		sortanevat	eivät sortane	3rd plur.	lienevät sortaneet	eivät liene sortaneet
passive		sorrettaneen	ei sorrettane	passive	lienee sorrettu	ei liene sorrettu
Nominal forms
infinitives				participles
		active	passive		active	passive
1st		sortaa		present	sortava	sorrettava
long 1st1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st sortaakseni sortaaksemme 2nd sortaaksesi sortaaksenne 3rd sortaakseen sortaaksensa		past	sortanut	sorrettu
2nd	inessive2	sortaessa	sorrettaessa	agent4	sortama
		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st sortaessani sortaessamme 2nd sortaessasi sortaessanne 3rd sortaessaan sortaessansa		negative	sortamaton
	instructive	sortaen	—	1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). 3) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details). 4) Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms. * The third-person singular indicative form sortaa does not exhibit final gemination, unlike the first infinitive (the lemma form), even though they are spelled identically.
3rd	inessive	sortamassa	—
	elative	sortamasta	—
	illative	sortamaan	—
	adessive	sortamalla	—
	abessive	sortamatta	—
	instructive	sortaman	sorrettaman
4th3	verbal noun	sortaminen
5th1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st sortamaisillani sortamaisillamme 2nd sortamaisillasi sortamaisillanne 3rd sortamaisillaan sortamaisillansa

Derived terms

nouns

• sorranta
• sortaja
• sortaminen
• sorto

 

verbs

• sorsia
• sortua

 

Further reading

• “sortaa”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

Anagrams

• orasta, saarto, soraat, sorata

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *sortadak (“to tip over”). Cognates include Finnish sortaa and Veps sorta.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈsortɑː/, [ˈs̠o̞rtɑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈsortɑː/, [ˈʃo̞rtɑː]
• Rhymes: -ortɑː
• Hyphenation: sor‧taa

Verb

sortaa

1. Synonym of sortua

Conjugation

Conjugation of sortaa (type 3/kyntää, rt-rr gradation)
Indikativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	sorran	en sorra	1st singular	oon sortant, oon sortanut	en oo sortant, en oo sortanut
2nd singular	sorrat	et sorra	2nd singular	oot sortant, oot sortanut	et oo sortant, et oo sortanut
3rd singular	sortaa	ei sorra	3rd singular	ono sortant, ono sortanut	ei oo sortant, ei oo sortanut
1st plural	sorramma	emmä sorra	1st plural	oomma sortaneet	emmä oo sortaneet
2nd plural	sorratta	että sorra	2nd plural	ootta sortaneet	että oo sortaneet
3rd plural	sortaat1), sortavat2), sorretaa	evät sorra, ei sorreta	3rd plural	ovat sortaneet	evät oo sortaneet, ei oo sorrettu
impersonal	sorretaa	ei sorreta	impersonal	ono sorrettu	ei oo sorrettu
Imperfekta			Pluskvamperfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	sorsin	en sortant, en sortanut	1st singular	olin sortant, olin sortanut	en olt sortant, en olt sortanut
2nd singular	sorsit	et sortant, et sortanut	2nd singular	olit sortant, olit sortanut	et olt sortant, et olt sortanut
3rd singular	sorsi	ei sortant, ei sortanut	3rd singular	oli sortant, oli sortanut	ei olt sortant, ei olt sortanut
1st plural	sorsimma	emmä sortaneet	1st plural	olimma sortaneet	emmä olleet sortaneet
2nd plural	sorsitta	että sortaneet	2nd plural	olitta sortaneet	että olleet sortaneet
3rd plural	sorsiit1), sorsivat2), sorrettii	evät sortaneet, ei sorrettu	3rd plural	olivat sortaneet	evät olleet sortaneet, ei olt sorrettu
impersonal	sorrettii	ei sorrettu	impersonal	oli sorrettu	ei olt sorrettu
Konditsionala
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	sortaisin	en sortais	1st singular	olisin sortant, olisin sortanut	en olis sortant, en olis sortanut
2nd singular	sortaisit, sortaist1)	et sortais	2nd singular	olisit sortant, olisit sortanut	et olis sortant, et olis sortanut
3rd singular	sortais	ei sortais	3rd singular	olis sortant, olis sortanut	ei olis sortant, ei olis sortanut
1st plural	sortaisimma	emmä sortais	1st plural	olisimma sortaneet	emmä olis sortaneet
2nd plural	sortaisitta	että sortais	2nd plural	olisitta sortaneet	että olis sortaneet
3rd plural	sortaisiit1), sortaisivat2), sorrettais	evät sortais, ei sorrettais	3rd plural	olisivat sortaneet	evät olis sortaneet, ei olis sorrettu
impersonal	sorrettais	ei sorrettais	impersonal	olis sorrettu	ei olis sorrettu
Imperativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	—	—	1st singular	—	—
2nd singular	sorra	elä sorra	2nd singular	oo sortant, oo sortanut	elä oo sortant, elä oo sortanut
3rd singular	sortakoo	elköö sortako	3rd singular	olkoo sortant, olkoo sortanut	elköö olko sortant, elköö olko sortanut
1st plural	—	—	1st plural	—	—
2nd plural	sortakaa	elkää sortako	2nd plural	olkaa sortaneet	elkää olko sortaneet
3rd plural	sortakoot	elkööt sortako, elköö sorrettako	3rd plural	olkoot sortaneet	elkööt olko sortaneet, elköö olko sorrettu
impersonal	sorrettakkoo	elköö sorrettako	impersonal	olkoo sorrettu	elköö olko sorrettu
Potentsiala
Preesens
	positive	negative
1st singular	sortanen	en sortane
2nd singular	sortanet	et sortane
3rd singular	sortanoo	ei sortane
1st plural	sortanemma	emmä sortane
2nd plural	sortanetta	että sortane
3rd plural	sortanoot	evät sortane, ei sorrettane
impersonal	sorrettannoo	ei sorrettane
Nominal forms
Infinitivat			Partisipat
				active	passive
1st		sortaa	present	sortava	sorrettava
2nd	inessive	sortajees	past	sortant, sortanut	sorrettu
	instructive	sortaen	1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (sortakaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition.
3rd	illative	sortamaa
	inessive	sortamaas
	elative	sortamast
	abessive	sortamata
4th	nominative	sortamiin
	partitive	sortamista, sortamist

Derived terms

• sortua

 

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 541