shindwa

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-shindwa (infinitive kushindwa)

1. Passive form of -shinda: to lose, be beaten

   Synonym: -fungwa

Conjugation

Conjugation of -shindwa
Positive present -nashindwa Subjunctive -shindwe Negative -shindwi Imperative singular shindwa
Infinitives
Positive kushindwa Negative kutoshindwa
Imperatives
Singular shindwa Plural shindweni
Tensed forms
Habitual hushindwa Positive past positive subject concord + -lishindwa Negative past negative subject concord + -kushindwa
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nashindwa) Singular Plural 1st person ninashindwa/nashindwa tunashindwa 2nd person unashindwa mnashindwa 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anashindwa wanashindwa other classes positive subject concord + -nashindwa
Negative present (negative subject concord + -shindwi) Singular Plural 1st person sishindwi hatushindwi 2nd person hushindwi hamshindwi 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hashindwi hawashindwi other classes negative subject concord + -shindwi
Positive future positive subject concord + -tashindwa Negative future negative subject concord + -tashindwa
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -shindwe) Singular Plural 1st person nishindwe tushindwe 2nd person ushindwe mshindwe 3rd person m-wa(I/II) ashindwe washindwe other classes positive subject concord + -shindwe
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sishindwe Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngeshindwa Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singeshindwa Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalishindwa Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalishindwa
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ashindwa) Singular Plural 1st person nashindwa twashindwa 2nd person washindwa mwashindwa 3rd person m-wa(I/II) ashindwa washindwa m-mi(III/IV) washindwa yashindwa ji-ma(V/VI) lashindwa yashindwa ki-vi(VII/VIII) chashindwa vyashindwa n(IX/X) yashindwa zashindwa u(XI) washindwa see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwashindwa pa(XVI) pashindwa mu(XVIII) mwashindwa
Perfect positive subject concord + -meshindwa "Already" positive subject concord + -meshashindwa "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jashindwa "If/When" positive subject concord + -kishindwa "If not" positive subject concord + -siposhindwa Consecutive kashindwa / positive subject concord + -kashindwa Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kashindwe
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nishindwa -tushindwa 2nd person -kushindwa -washindwa/-kushindweni/-washindweni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mshindwa -washindwa m-mi(III/IV) -ushindwa -ishindwa ji-ma(V/VI) -lishindwa -yashindwa ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kishindwa -vishindwa n(IX/X) -ishindwa -zishindwa u(XI) -ushindwa see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kushindwa pa(XVI) -pashindwa mu(XVIII) -mushindwa Reflexive -jishindwa
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -shindwa- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -shindwaye -shindwao m-mi(III/IV) -shindwao -shindwayo ji-ma(V/VI) -shindwalo -shindwayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -shindwacho -shindwavyo n(IX/X) -shindwayo -shindwazo u(XI) -shindwao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -shindwako pa(XVI) -shindwapo mu(XVIII) -shindwamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -shindwa) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yeshindwa -oshindwa m-mi(III/IV) -oshindwa -yoshindwa ji-ma(V/VI) -loshindwa -yoshindwa ki-vi(VII/VIII) -choshindwa -vyoshindwa n(IX/X) -yoshindwa -zoshindwa u(XI) -oshindwa see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -koshindwa pa(XVI) -poshindwa mu(XVIII) -moshindwa
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Nominal derivations:
  • mshindwa (“loser”)