shindana

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

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Verb

-shindana (infinitive kushindana)

1. Reciprocal form of -shinda: to compete, contend

Conjugation

Conjugation of -shindana
Positive present -nashindana Subjunctive -shindane Negative -shindani Imperative singular shindana
Infinitives
Positive kushindana Negative kutoshindana
Imperatives
Singular shindana Plural shindaneni
Tensed forms
Habitual hushindana Positive past positive subject concord + -lishindana Negative past negative subject concord + -kushindana
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nashindana) Singular Plural 1st person ninashindana/nashindana tunashindana 2nd person unashindana mnashindana 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anashindana wanashindana other classes positive subject concord + -nashindana
Negative present (negative subject concord + -shindani) Singular Plural 1st person sishindani hatushindani 2nd person hushindani hamshindani 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hashindani hawashindani other classes negative subject concord + -shindani
Positive future positive subject concord + -tashindana Negative future negative subject concord + -tashindana
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -shindane) Singular Plural 1st person nishindane tushindane 2nd person ushindane mshindane 3rd person m-wa(I/II) ashindane washindane other classes positive subject concord + -shindane
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sishindane Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngeshindana Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singeshindana Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalishindana Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalishindana
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ashindana) Singular Plural 1st person nashindana twashindana 2nd person washindana mwashindana 3rd person m-wa(I/II) ashindana washindana m-mi(III/IV) washindana yashindana ji-ma(V/VI) lashindana yashindana ki-vi(VII/VIII) chashindana vyashindana n(IX/X) yashindana zashindana u(XI) washindana see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwashindana pa(XVI) pashindana mu(XVIII) mwashindana
Perfect positive subject concord + -meshindana "Already" positive subject concord + -meshashindana "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jashindana "If/When" positive subject concord + -kishindana "If not" positive subject concord + -siposhindana Consecutive kashindana / positive subject concord + -kashindana Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kashindane Object concord —
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + -shindana- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -shindanaye -shindanao m-mi(III/IV) -shindanao -shindanayo ji-ma(V/VI) -shindanalo -shindanayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -shindanacho -shindanavyo n(IX/X) -shindanayo -shindanazo u(XI) -shindanao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -shindanako pa(XVI) -shindanapo mu(XVIII) -shindanamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + -shindana) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yeshindana -oshindana m-mi(III/IV) -oshindana -yoshindana ji-ma(V/VI) -loshindana -yoshindana ki-vi(VII/VIII) -choshindana -vyoshindana n(IX/X) -yoshindana -zoshindana u(XI) -oshindana see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -koshindana pa(XVI) -poshindana mu(XVIII) -moshindana
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -shindania

• Nominal derivations:
  • mashindano (“contest, competition”)
  • mshindani (“competitor”)
  • ushindani (“competition, rivalry”)

See also

• -wania