saumu

Swahili

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic صَوْم (ṣawm).

Noun

saumu class IX (plural saumu class X)

1. fast (abstention from food, and sometimes other comforts)

Verb

-saumu (infinitive kusaumu)

1. to fast (abstain from food, and sometimes other comforts)

Conjugation

Conjugation of -saumu
Positive present -nasaumu Subjunctive -saumu Negative -saumu Imperative singular saumu
Infinitives
Positive kusaumu Negative kutosaumu
Imperatives
Singular saumu Plural saumuni
Tensed forms
Habitual husaumu Positive past positive subject concord + -lisaumu Negative past negative subject concord + -kusaumu
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nasaumu) Singular Plural 1st person ninasaumu/nasaumu tunasaumu 2nd person unasaumu mnasaumu 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anasaumu wanasaumu other classes positive subject concord + -nasaumu
Negative present (negative subject concord + -saumu) Singular Plural 1st person sisaumu hatusaumu 2nd person husaumu hamsaumu 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hasaumu hawasaumu other classes negative subject concord + -saumu
Positive future positive subject concord + -tasaumu Negative future negative subject concord + -tasaumu
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -saumu) Singular Plural 1st person nisaumu tusaumu 2nd person usaumu msaumu 3rd person m-wa(I/II) asaumu wasaumu other classes positive subject concord + -saumu
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sisaumu Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngesaumu Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singesaumu Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalisaumu Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalisaumu
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -asaumu) Singular Plural 1st person nasaumu twasaumu 2nd person wasaumu mwasaumu 3rd person m-wa(I/II) asaumu wasaumu m-mi(III/IV) wasaumu yasaumu ji-ma(V/VI) lasaumu yasaumu ki-vi(VII/VIII) chasaumu vyasaumu n(IX/X) yasaumu zasaumu u(XI) wasaumu see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwasaumu pa(XVI) pasaumu mu(XVIII) mwasaumu
Perfect positive subject concord + -mesaumu "Already" positive subject concord + -meshasaumu "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jasaumu "If/When" positive subject concord + -kisaumu "If not" positive subject concord + -siposaumu Consecutive kasaumu / positive subject concord + -kasaumu Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kasaumu
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nisaumu -tusaumu 2nd person -kusaumu -wasaumu/-kusaumuni/-wasaumuni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -msaumu -wasaumu m-mi(III/IV) -usaumu -isaumu ji-ma(V/VI) -lisaumu -yasaumu ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kisaumu -visaumu n(IX/X) -isaumu -zisaumu u(XI) -usaumu see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kusaumu pa(XVI) -pasaumu mu(XVIII) -musaumu Reflexive -jisaumu
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -saumu- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -saumuye -saumuo m-mi(III/IV) -saumuo -saumuyo ji-ma(V/VI) -saumulo -saumuyo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -saumucho -saumuvyo n(IX/X) -saumuyo -saumuzo u(XI) -saumuo see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -saumuko pa(XVI) -saumupo mu(XVIII) -saumumo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -saumu) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yesaumu -osaumu m-mi(III/IV) -osaumu -yosaumu ji-ma(V/VI) -losaumu -yosaumu ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chosaumu -vyosaumu n(IX/X) -yosaumu -zosaumu u(XI) -osaumu see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kosaumu pa(XVI) -posaumu mu(XVIII) -mosaumu
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Etymology 2

See kitunguu saumu.

Noun

saumu class IX (plural saumu class X)

1. Only used in kitunguu saumu (“garlic”)