rushwa

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

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Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic رُشْوَة (rušwa).

Noun

rushwa class IX (plural rushwa class X)

1. bribe, kickback

   Synonyms: hongo, (Kenya) chai, (Kenya) kitu kidogo

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

-rushwa (infinitive kurushwa)

1. Passive form of -rusha

Conjugation

Conjugation of -rushwa
Positive present -narushwa Subjunctive -rushwe Negative -rushwi Imperative singular rushwa
Infinitives
Positive kurushwa Negative kutorushwa
Imperatives
Singular rushwa Plural rushweni
Tensed forms
Habitual hurushwa Positive past positive subject concord + -lirushwa Negative past negative subject concord + -kurushwa
Positive present (positive subject concord + -narushwa) Singular Plural 1st person ninarushwa/narushwa tunarushwa 2nd person unarushwa mnarushwa 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anarushwa wanarushwa other classes positive subject concord + -narushwa
Negative present (negative subject concord + -rushwi) Singular Plural 1st person sirushwi haturushwi 2nd person hurushwi hamrushwi 3rd person m-wa(I/II) harushwi hawarushwi other classes negative subject concord + -rushwi
Positive future positive subject concord + -tarushwa Negative future negative subject concord + -tarushwa
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -rushwe) Singular Plural 1st person nirushwe turushwe 2nd person urushwe mrushwe 3rd person m-wa(I/II) arushwe warushwe other classes positive subject concord + -rushwe
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sirushwe Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngerushwa Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singerushwa Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalirushwa Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalirushwa
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -arushwa) Singular Plural 1st person narushwa twarushwa 2nd person warushwa mwarushwa 3rd person m-wa(I/II) arushwa warushwa m-mi(III/IV) warushwa yarushwa ji-ma(V/VI) larushwa yarushwa ki-vi(VII/VIII) charushwa vyarushwa n(IX/X) yarushwa zarushwa u(XI) warushwa see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwarushwa pa(XVI) parushwa mu(XVIII) mwarushwa
Perfect positive subject concord + -merushwa "Already" positive subject concord + -mesharushwa "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jarushwa "If/When" positive subject concord + -kirushwa "If not" positive subject concord + -siporushwa Consecutive karushwa / positive subject concord + -karushwa Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -karushwe
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nirushwa -turushwa 2nd person -kurushwa -warushwa/-kurushweni/-warushweni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mrushwa -warushwa m-mi(III/IV) -urushwa -irushwa ji-ma(V/VI) -lirushwa -yarushwa ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kirushwa -virushwa n(IX/X) -irushwa -zirushwa u(XI) -urushwa see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kurushwa pa(XVI) -parushwa mu(XVIII) -murushwa Reflexive -jirushwa
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -rushwa- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -rushwaye -rushwao m-mi(III/IV) -rushwao -rushwayo ji-ma(V/VI) -rushwalo -rushwayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -rushwacho -rushwavyo n(IX/X) -rushwayo -rushwazo u(XI) -rushwao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -rushwako pa(XVI) -rushwapo mu(XVIII) -rushwamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -rushwa) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yerushwa -orushwa m-mi(III/IV) -orushwa -yorushwa ji-ma(V/VI) -lorushwa -yorushwa ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chorushwa -vyorushwa n(IX/X) -yorushwa -zorushwa u(XI) -orushwa see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -korushwa pa(XVI) -porushwa mu(XVIII) -morushwa
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.