robota
Czech
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Old Czech robota, from Proto-Slavic *orbota.[1] By surface analysis, robit + -ota. Cognate with German Arbeit, Dutch arbeid, and Middle English arveth (“difficult; hard”).
Noun
[edit]robota f
- serfdom, villeinage
- corvee
- (colloquial, usually derogatory) any arduous work; drudgery, grind, slog
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]- rob m
Etymology 2
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun
[edit]robota
Further reading
[edit]- “robota”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
- “robota”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
- “robota”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
References
[edit]- ^ Jiří Rejzek (2007) “robota”, in Český etymologický slovník (in Czech), Leda
Esperanto
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]robota (accusative singular robotan, plural robotaj, accusative plural robotajn)
Related terms
[edit]- robote (“robotically”)
- roboto (“robot”)
Latvian
[edit]Noun
[edit]robota m
Old Czech
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *orbota. By surface analysis, robiti + -ota.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]robota f
Declension
[edit]singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | robota | robotě | roboty |
genitive | roboty | robotú | robot |
dative | robotě | robotama | robotám |
accusative | robotu | robotě | roboty |
vocative | roboto | robotě | roboty |
locative | robotě | robotú | robotách |
instrumental | robotú | robotama | robotami |
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.
Descendants
[edit]- Czech: robota
References
[edit]- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “robota”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Old Polish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *orbota. By surface analysis, robić + -ota. First attested in the 14th century.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]robota f
- (attested in Lesser Poland) work; physical labor (act of working)
- Synonym: praca
- Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie[1], Krakow, page gl. 154b:
- Gakocz vibiragø mødrzy ludze dobre rzemeslniky ku robocze sicut eligi solent artifices ad operandum
- [Jakoć wybirają mądrzy ludzie dobre rzemieślniki ku robocie sicut eligi solent artifices ad operandum]
- way of performing something
- Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa[2], page 159:
- Suknya myal chytrey roboty, ktorąsch yemv byla dzyevycza Marya vtkala (fuit inconsutilis tunica, subtili arte facta per Mariam opere textili)
- [Suknią miał chytrej roboty, ktorąż jemu była dziewica Maryja utkała (fuit inconsutilis tunica, subtili arte facta per Mariam opere textili)]
- toil
- (attested in Maspvoa) work (result or product of work)
- 1950 [1456], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 997, Warsaw:
- Jako ja nye pobral Janovy robothi, slowye chrostv, gwalthem, czsso Nicolaus kmetho rambyl
- [Jako ja nie pobrał Janowi roboty, słowie chrostu, gwałtem, cso Nicolaus kmetho rąbił]
- (attested in Masovia) payment for work
- 1950 [1487], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 1615, Warsaw:
- Jakom ya nye kazal ssobye kmeczem gych robycz gwaltem anym gych vmnyeschil w robothach yako pol kopy
- [Jakom ja nie kazał sobie kmieciem jich robić gwałtem anim jich umnieszył w robotach jako poł kopy]
- (attested in Masovia) place of work
- 1950 [1472], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 2968, Warsaw:
- Nye szegnalem Sczepana sz robothi gego, gegdy ogrodek grodzyl dla vzithkv sszwoyego
- [Nie zegnałem Szczepana s roboty jego, kiegdy ogrodek grodził dla użytku swojego]
- behavior, conduction
- 1949, “Skarga umierającego. Woronczak Jerzy, Skarga umierającego. Ze studiów nad rękopisem nr 2 Biblioteki Kapitulnej we Wrocławiu”, in Bolesław Erzepki, editor, Sobótk, page 58:
- Pomnys, czosz... *slvbovela, gdis se dyabla *odrzekale, zle robothi, zlego *dzela, thos wsythko *przestapovela
- [Pomniż, coś... śluboweła, gdyś sie diabła otrzekała, złe roboty, złego dzieła, toś wszytko przestępoweła]
- trying, effort; zeal; care
- 1972 [15th century], Józef Reczek, Wacław Twardzik, editors, Najstarsze staropolskie tłumaczenie ortyli magdeburskich wg rkpsu nr 50, pages 93, 4:
- Kto szye podeymye czesznego vrzadv, ... ten mvsy myecz robotha y troszką (hic labores et curas habere opportet), aby ten vrzad dobrze y czeszno dzyerzal
- [Kto sie podejmie czesnego urzędu, ... ten musi mieć robotę i troskę (hic labores et curas habere opportet), aby ten urząd dobrze i czesno dzierżał]
- (attested in Masovia) serfdom labor for a feudal lord
- 1950 [1498], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 1808, Warsaw:
- Jakom ya nye wrzuczyl sza gwaltem... w dzerzawa... anym przyczyskal kmyeczy yego ku robocze
- [Jakom ja nie wrzucił się gwałtem... w dzierżawę... anim przyciskał kmieci jego ku robocie]
- slavery
- 1930 [c. 1455], “Ex”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)[6], 13, 3:
- Pomnyczye na ten to dzen, w ktoriszczye wyszly s Egipta a z domu roboti (de domo servitutis)
- [Pomnicie na ten to dzień, w ktoryście wyszli s Ejipta a z domu roboty (de domo servitutis)]
Derived terms
[edit]- robotawać impf
- robotować impf
- siedzieć na robocie impf
Related terms
[edit]- robić impf
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “robota”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
- Mańczak, Witold (2017) “robota”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
- Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “robota”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “robota”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Old Polish robota. By surface analysis, robić + -ota.
Noun
[edit]robota f (diminutive robótka or (obsolete) robotka)
- (colloquial) work (sustained effort to overcome obstacles and achieve a result)
- Synonym: praca
- (colloquial) job (economic role for which a person is paid)
- Synonym: praca
- (colloquial) workplace (place where a job is carried out)
- Synonym: praca
- (colloquial) job (result of someone's actions)
- (colloquial) work, doing (manner of performing something)
- (in the plural) works (collective effort aimed at accomplishing some goal)
- (in the plural) works (construction)
- Synonym: prace ręczne
- (obsolete) need (necessity to do something)
- Synonym: potrzeba
- (obsolete) fermentation
- Synonym: fermentacja
- (obsolete, beekeeping) honey and wax
- (Middle Polish) serfdom
- Synonym: pańszczyzna
- (Middle Polish) effort; diligence
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]- robić impf
Trivia
[edit]According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), robota is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 5 times in scientific texts, 19 times in news, 40 times in essays, 33 times in fiction, and 42 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 139 times, making it the 430th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
Etymology 2
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun
[edit]robota m animal
- inflection of robot:
References
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- robota in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- robota in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “robota”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- “ROBOTA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 2017 October 11
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “robota”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “robota”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1912), “robota”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 5, Warsaw, page 541
- robota in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
- Wanda Decyk-Zięba, editor (2018-2022), “robota”, in Dydaktyczny Słownik Etymologiczno-historyczny Języka Polskiego [A Didactic, Historical, Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), →ISBN
Silesian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Polish robota. By surface analysis, robić + -ota.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]robota f
- work (sustained effort to overcome obstacles and achieve a result)
- Synonym: prŏca
- job (economic role for which a person is paid)
- Synonym: prŏca
- workplace (place where a job is carried out)
- Synonym: prŏca
- job (result of someone's actions)
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]- robić impf
Descendants
[edit]- → East Central German: roboten
Further reading
[edit]Slovak
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *orbota. By surface analysis, robiť + -ota.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]robota f (declension pattern of žena)
- work (effort)
- Synonym: práca
- work, job, employment
- Synonyms: práca, zamestnanie
Declension
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “robota”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024
Swahili
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Arabic رَبْطَة (rabṭa).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]robota (needs class)
- Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Czech terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Czech terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃erbʰ-
- Czech terms inherited from Old Czech
- Czech terms derived from Old Czech
- Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Czech terms suffixed with -ota
- Czech lemmas
- Czech nouns
- Czech feminine nouns
- Czech colloquialisms
- Czech derogatory terms
- Czech hard feminine nouns
- Czech non-lemma forms
- Czech noun forms
- Esperanto terms suffixed with -a
- Esperanto terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Esperanto/ota
- Esperanto lemmas
- Esperanto adjectives
- eo:Robotics
- Latvian non-lemma forms
- Latvian noun forms
- Old Czech terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Czech terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃erbʰ-
- Old Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old Czech terms suffixed with -ota
- Old Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Czech lemmas
- Old Czech nouns
- Old Czech feminine nouns
- Old Czech hard feminine a-stem nouns
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃erbʰ-
- Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms suffixed with -ota
- Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Polish lemmas
- Old Polish nouns
- Old Polish feminine nouns
- Lesser Poland Old Polish
- Old Polish terms with quotations
- Masovia Old Polish
- Polish 3-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/ɔta
- Rhymes:Polish/ɔta/3 syllables
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃erbʰ-
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Old Polish
- Polish terms suffixed with -ota
- Polish lemmas
- Polish nouns
- Polish feminine nouns
- Polish colloquialisms
- Polish terms with obsolete senses
- pl:Beekeeping
- Middle Polish
- Polish non-lemma forms
- Polish noun forms
- Silesian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Silesian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃erbʰ-
- Silesian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Silesian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Silesian terms inherited from Old Polish
- Silesian terms derived from Old Polish
- Silesian terms suffixed with -ota
- Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Silesian/ɔta
- Rhymes:Silesian/ɔta/3 syllables
- Silesian lemmas
- Silesian nouns
- Silesian feminine nouns
- Slovak terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Slovak terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃erbʰ-
- Slovak terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Slovak terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Slovak terms suffixed with -ota
- Slovak terms with IPA pronunciation
- Slovak lemmas
- Slovak nouns
- Slovak feminine nouns
- Slovak terms with declension žena
- Swahili terms borrowed from Arabic
- Swahili terms derived from Arabic
- Swahili terms derived from the Arabic root ر ب ط
- Swahili terms with audio pronunciation
- Swahili lemmas
- Swahili nouns