panua

Swahili

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “related to pana”)

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-panua (infinitive kupanua)

1. to widen, broaden

Conjugation

Conjugation of -panua
Positive present -napanua Subjunctive -panue Negative -panui Imperative singular panua
Infinitives
Positive kupanua Negative kutopanua
Imperatives
Singular panua Plural panueni
Tensed forms
Habitual hupanua Positive past positive subject concord + -lipanua Negative past negative subject concord + -kupanua
Positive present (positive subject concord + -napanua) Singular Plural 1st person ninapanua/napanua tunapanua 2nd person unapanua mnapanua 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anapanua wanapanua other classes positive subject concord + -napanua
Negative present (negative subject concord + -panui) Singular Plural 1st person sipanui hatupanui 2nd person hupanui hampanui 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hapanui hawapanui other classes negative subject concord + -panui
Positive future positive subject concord + -tapanua Negative future negative subject concord + -tapanua
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -panue) Singular Plural 1st person nipanue tupanue 2nd person upanue mpanue 3rd person m-wa(I/II) apanue wapanue other classes positive subject concord + -panue
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sipanue Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngepanua Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singepanua Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalipanua Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalipanua
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -apanua) Singular Plural 1st person napanua twapanua 2nd person wapanua mwapanua 3rd person m-wa(I/II) apanua wapanua m-mi(III/IV) wapanua yapanua ji-ma(V/VI) lapanua yapanua ki-vi(VII/VIII) chapanua vyapanua n(IX/X) yapanua zapanua u(XI) wapanua see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwapanua pa(XVI) papanua mu(XVIII) mwapanua
Perfect positive subject concord + -mepanua "Already" positive subject concord + -meshapanua "Not yet" negative subject concord + -japanua "If/When" positive subject concord + -kipanua "If not" positive subject concord + -sipopanua Consecutive kapanua / positive subject concord + -kapanua Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kapanue
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nipanua -tupanua 2nd person -kupanua -wapanua/-kupanueni/-wapanueni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mpanua -wapanua m-mi(III/IV) -upanua -ipanua ji-ma(V/VI) -lipanua -yapanua ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kipanua -vipanua n(IX/X) -ipanua -zipanua u(XI) -upanua see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kupanua pa(XVI) -papanua mu(XVIII) -mupanua Reflexive -jipanua
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -panua- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -panuaye -panuao m-mi(III/IV) -panuao -panuayo ji-ma(V/VI) -panualo -panuayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -panuacho -panuavyo n(IX/X) -panuayo -panuazo u(XI) -panuao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -panuako pa(XVI) -panuapo mu(XVIII) -panuamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -panua) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yepanua -opanua m-mi(III/IV) -opanua -yopanua ji-ma(V/VI) -lopanua -yopanua ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chopanua -vyopanua n(IX/X) -yopanua -zopanua u(XI) -opanua see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kopanua pa(XVI) -popanua mu(XVIII) -mopanua
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.