pambana

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Swahili

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Pronunciation

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  • Audio (Kenya):(file)

Verb

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-pambana (infinitive kupambana)

  1. to encounter, to run into
  2. to clash, to conflict

Conjugation

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Conjugation of -pambana
Positive present -napambana
Subjunctive -pambane
Negative -pambani
Imperative singular pambana
Infinitives
Positive kupambana
Negative kutopambana
Imperatives
Singular pambana
Plural pambaneni
Tensed forms
Habitual hupambana
Positive past positive subject concord + -lipambana
Negative past negative subject concord + -kupambana
Positive present (positive subject concord + -napambana)
Singular Plural
1st person ninapambana/napambana tunapambana
2nd person unapambana mnapambana
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anapambana wanapambana
other classes positive subject concord + -napambana
Negative present (negative subject concord + -pambani)
Singular Plural
1st person sipambani hatupambani
2nd person hupambani hampambani
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hapambani hawapambani
other classes negative subject concord + -pambani
Positive future positive subject concord + -tapambana
Negative future negative subject concord + -tapambana
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -pambane)
Singular Plural
1st person nipambane tupambane
2nd person upambane mpambane
3rd person m-wa(I/II) apambane wapambane
other classes positive subject concord + -pambane
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sipambane
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngepambana
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singepambana
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalipambana
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalipambana
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -apambana)
Singular Plural
1st person napambana twapambana
2nd person wapambana mwapambana
3rd person m-wa(I/II) apambana wapambana
m-mi(III/IV) wapambana yapambana
ji-ma(V/VI) lapambana yapambana
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chapambana vyapambana
n(IX/X) yapambana zapambana
u(XI) wapambana see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwapambana
pa(XVI) papambana
mu(XVIII) mwapambana
Perfect positive subject concord + -mepambana
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshapambana
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -japambana
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kipambana
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipopambana
Consecutive kapambana / positive subject concord + -kapambana
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kapambane
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nipambana -tupambana
2nd person -kupambana -wapambana/-kupambaneni/-wapambaneni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mpambana -wapambana
m-mi(III/IV) -upambana -ipambana
ji-ma(V/VI) -lipambana -yapambana
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kipambana -vipambana
n(IX/X) -ipambana -zipambana
u(XI) -upambana see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kupambana
pa(XVI) -papambana
mu(XVIII) -mupambana
Reflexive -jipambana
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -pambana- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -pambanaye -pambanao
m-mi(III/IV) -pambanao -pambanayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -pambanalo -pambanayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -pambanacho -pambanavyo
n(IX/X) -pambanayo -pambanazo
u(XI) -pambanao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -pambanako
pa(XVI) -pambanapo
mu(XVIII) -pambanamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -pambana)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yepambana -opambana
m-mi(III/IV) -opambana -yopambana
ji-ma(V/VI) -lopambana -yopambana
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chopambana -vyopambana
n(IX/X) -yopambana -zopambana
u(XI) -opambana see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kopambana
pa(XVI) -popambana
mu(XVIII) -mopambana
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

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