ng'arisha

Swahili

Verb

-ng'arisha (infinitive kung'arisha)

1. Causative form of -ng'ara
2. to lighten, soften (of skin)

Conjugation

Conjugation of -ng'arisha
Positive present -nang'arisha Subjunctive -ng'arishe Negative -ng'arishi Imperative singular ng'arisha
Infinitives
Positive kung'arisha Negative kutong'arisha
Imperatives
Singular ng'arisha Plural ng'arisheni
Tensed forms
Habitual hung'arisha Positive past positive subject concord + -ling'arisha Negative past negative subject concord + -kung'arisha
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nang'arisha) Singular Plural 1st person ninang'arisha/nang'arisha tunang'arisha 2nd person unang'arisha mnang'arisha 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anang'arisha wanang'arisha other classes positive subject concord + -nang'arisha
Negative present (negative subject concord + -ng'arishi) Singular Plural 1st person sing'arishi hatung'arishi 2nd person hung'arishi hamng'arishi 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hang'arishi hawang'arishi other classes negative subject concord + -ng'arishi
Positive future positive subject concord + -tang'arisha Negative future negative subject concord + -tang'arisha
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -ng'arishe) Singular Plural 1st person ning'arishe tung'arishe 2nd person ung'arishe mng'arishe 3rd person m-wa(I/II) ang'arishe wang'arishe other classes positive subject concord + -ng'arishe
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sing'arishe Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngeng'arisha Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singeng'arisha Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngaling'arisha Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singaling'arisha
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ang'arisha) Singular Plural 1st person nang'arisha twang'arisha 2nd person wang'arisha mwang'arisha 3rd person m-wa(I/II) ang'arisha wang'arisha m-mi(III/IV) wang'arisha yang'arisha ji-ma(V/VI) lang'arisha yang'arisha ki-vi(VII/VIII) chang'arisha vyang'arisha n(IX/X) yang'arisha zang'arisha u(XI) wang'arisha see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwang'arisha pa(XVI) pang'arisha mu(XVIII) mwang'arisha
Perfect positive subject concord + -meng'arisha "Already" positive subject concord + -meshang'arisha "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jang'arisha "If/When" positive subject concord + -king'arisha "If not" positive subject concord + -sipong'arisha Consecutive kang'arisha / positive subject concord + -kang'arisha Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kang'arishe
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -ning'arisha -tung'arisha 2nd person -kung'arisha -wang'arisha/-kung'arisheni/-wang'arisheni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mng'arisha -wang'arisha m-mi(III/IV) -ung'arisha -ing'arisha ji-ma(V/VI) -ling'arisha -yang'arisha ki-vi(VII/VIII) -king'arisha -ving'arisha n(IX/X) -ing'arisha -zing'arisha u(XI) -ung'arisha see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kung'arisha pa(XVI) -pang'arisha mu(XVIII) -mung'arisha Reflexive -jing'arisha
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -ng'arisha- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -ng'arishaye -ng'arishao m-mi(III/IV) -ng'arishao -ng'arishayo ji-ma(V/VI) -ng'arishalo -ng'arishayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -ng'arishacho -ng'arishavyo n(IX/X) -ng'arishayo -ng'arishazo u(XI) -ng'arishao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -ng'arishako pa(XVI) -ng'arishapo mu(XVIII) -ng'arishamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -ng'arisha) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yeng'arisha -ong'arisha m-mi(III/IV) -ong'arisha -yong'arisha ji-ma(V/VI) -long'arisha -yong'arisha ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chong'arisha -vyong'arisha n(IX/X) -yong'arisha -zong'arisha u(XI) -ong'arisha see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kong'arisha pa(XVI) -pong'arisha mu(XVIII) -mong'arisha
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

References

• Fritsch, Katharina (2017) “‘Trans-skin’: Analyzing the practice of skin bleaching among middle-class women in Dar es Salaam”, in Ethnicities‎^[1], volume 17, number 6, →DOI, page page of 749-770:

  However, responding to the question whether products like Fair&White in fact bleach, a doctor working at the above mentioned cosmetic supermarket points to the apparent difference between bleaching and lightening as commonly referred to by women using skin-bleaching products as well as by sellers. This distinction is reflected in two different Swahili terms, the doctor explains to me, both commonly referred to in day-to-day language: ‘Kujichubua’ literally meaning to ‘scrub oneself’, refers to ‘bleaching’, while ‘kung‘arisha’ describes the practice of ‘lightening’ as well as ‘softening’.