munio

See also: munió

Latin

Etymology

From moenia.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈmuː.ni.oː/, [ˈmuːnioː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈmu.ni.o/, [ˈmuːnio]

Verb

mūniō (present infinitive mūnīre, perfect active mūnīvī or mūniī, supine mūnītum); fourth conjugation

1. to provide with defensive works, fortify

   Synonym: immunīo

   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 29.4:

     mūnīre urbem, frūmentum convehere, tēla arma parāre

     to strengthen the defences of the city, to accumulate stores of corn, to prepare a supply of weapons and armour

   1. (of natural fortifications)
   2. to build (as) a fortification
2. (of soldiers or sim.) to guard from attack, defend
3. to strengthen, secure

   Synonyms: firmō, cōnfirmō, fortificō, cōnsolidō, sistō

   Antonyms: dēterō, atterō, minuō, frangō, tenuō, afficiō

4. (transferred sense) to protect with a covering
5. (figurative) to safeguard, uphold or buttress (of a person, institution, etc.)
6. (figurative) to defend, protect, secure

   Synonyms: prōtegō, dēfendō, tegō, cū̆stōdiō, tūtor, teneō, arceō, servō, adsum

   Antonyms: immineō, īnstō, obiectō

7. to build up so as to give a firm surface to, to construct or repair (of a road, other raised areas)

   Mūnīta via

   Paved road

   1. to provide with a road, make passable

Conjugation

   Conjugation of mūniō (fourth conjugation)

indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	mūniō	mūnīs	mūnit	mūnīmus	mūnītis	mūniunt
	imperfect	mūniēbam	mūniēbās	mūniēbat	mūniēbāmus	mūniēbātis	mūniēbant
	future	mūniam	mūniēs	mūniet	mūniēmus	mūniētis	mūnient
	perfect	mūnīvī, mūniī	mūnīvistī, mūniistī	mūnīvit, mūniit	mūnīvimus, mūniimus	mūnīvistis, mūniistis	mūnīvērunt, mūnīvēre, mūniērunt, mūniēre
	pluperfect	mūnīveram, mūnieram	mūnīverās, mūnierās	mūnīverat, mūnierat	mūnīverāmus, mūnierāmus	mūnīverātis, mūnierātis	mūnīverant, mūnierant
	future perfect	mūnīverō, mūnierō	mūnīveris, mūnieris	mūnīverit, mūnierit	mūnīverimus, mūnierimus	mūnīveritis, mūnieritis	mūnīverint, mūnierint
passive	present	mūnior	mūnīris, mūnīre	mūnītur	mūnīmur	mūnīminī	mūniuntur
	imperfect	mūniēbar	mūniēbāris, mūniēbāre	mūniēbātur	mūniēbāmur	mūniēbāminī	mūniēbantur
	future	mūniar	mūniēris, mūniēre	mūniētur	mūniēmur	mūniēminī	mūnientur
	perfect	mūnītus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	mūnītus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	mūnītus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	mūniam	mūniās	mūniat	mūniāmus	mūniātis	mūniant
imperfect	mūnīrem	mūnīrēs	mūnīret	mūnīrēmus	mūnīrētis	mūnīrent
perfect	mūnīverim, mūnierim	mūnīverīs, mūnierīs	mūnīverit, mūnierit	mūnīverīmus, mūnierīmus	mūnīverītis, mūnierītis	mūnīverint, mūnierint
pluperfect	mūnīvissem, mūniissem	mūnīvissēs, mūniissēs	mūnīvisset, mūniisset	mūnīvissēmus, mūniissēmus	mūnīvissētis, mūniissētis	mūnīvissent, mūniissent
passive	present	mūniar	mūniāris, mūniāre	mūniātur	mūniāmur	mūniāminī	mūniantur
imperfect	mūnīrer	mūnīrēris, mūnīrēre	mūnīrētur	mūnīrēmur	mūnīrēminī	mūnīrentur
perfect	mūnītus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect	mūnītus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	mūnī	—	—	mūnīte	—
	future	—	mūnītō	mūnītō	—	mūnītōte	mūniuntō
passive	present	—	mūnīre	—	—	mūnīminī	—
	future	—	mūnītor	mūnītor	—	—	mūniuntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		mūnīre	mūnīvisse, mūniisse	mūnītūrum esse	mūnīrī	mūnītum esse	mūnītum īrī
participles		mūniēns	—	mūnītūrus	—	mūnītus	mūniendus, mūniundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		mūniendī	mūniendō	mūniendum	mūniendō	mūnītum	mūnītū

Derived terms

• mūnīmentum
• mūnīmen
• mūnitiō

Related terms

• praemūniō

Descendants

• → English: munite
• French: munir
• → Portuguese: munir
• Spanish: munir
• Italian: munire

References

“mūniō” on page 1260 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (2nd ed., 2012)

Further reading

• “munio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “munio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• munio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to make a road: viam munire
    
  • to make a fortified, entrenched camp: castra munire
    
  • to fortify the camp with a rampart: castra munire vallo (aggere)