laumu

Swahili

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic لَوْم (lawm).

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-laumu (infinitive kulaumu)

1. to blame

Conjugation

Conjugation of -laumu
Positive present -nalaumu Subjunctive -laumu Negative -laumu Imperative singular laumu
Infinitives
Positive kulaumu Negative kutolaumu
Imperatives
Singular laumu Plural laumuni
Tensed forms
Habitual hulaumu Positive past positive subject concord + -lilaumu Negative past negative subject concord + -kulaumu
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nalaumu) Singular Plural 1st person ninalaumu/nalaumu tunalaumu 2nd person unalaumu mnalaumu 3rd person m-wa(I/II) analaumu wanalaumu other classes positive subject concord + -nalaumu
Negative present (negative subject concord + -laumu) Singular Plural 1st person silaumu hatulaumu 2nd person hulaumu hamlaumu 3rd person m-wa(I/II) halaumu hawalaumu other classes negative subject concord + -laumu
Positive future positive subject concord + -talaumu Negative future negative subject concord + -talaumu
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -laumu) Singular Plural 1st person nilaumu tulaumu 2nd person ulaumu mlaumu 3rd person m-wa(I/II) alaumu walaumu other classes positive subject concord + -laumu
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -silaumu Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngelaumu Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singelaumu Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalilaumu Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalilaumu
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -alaumu) Singular Plural 1st person nalaumu twalaumu 2nd person walaumu mwalaumu 3rd person m-wa(I/II) alaumu walaumu m-mi(III/IV) walaumu yalaumu ji-ma(V/VI) lalaumu yalaumu ki-vi(VII/VIII) chalaumu vyalaumu n(IX/X) yalaumu zalaumu u(XI) walaumu see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwalaumu pa(XVI) palaumu mu(XVIII) mwalaumu
Perfect positive subject concord + -melaumu "Already" positive subject concord + -meshalaumu "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jalaumu "If/When" positive subject concord + -kilaumu "If not" positive subject concord + -sipolaumu Consecutive kalaumu / positive subject concord + -kalaumu Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kalaumu
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nilaumu -tulaumu 2nd person -kulaumu -walaumu/-kulaumuni/-walaumuni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mlaumu -walaumu m-mi(III/IV) -ulaumu -ilaumu ji-ma(V/VI) -lilaumu -yalaumu ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kilaumu -vilaumu n(IX/X) -ilaumu -zilaumu u(XI) -ulaumu see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kulaumu pa(XVI) -palaumu mu(XVIII) -mulaumu Reflexive -jilaumu
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -laumu- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -laumuye -laumuo m-mi(III/IV) -laumuo -laumuyo ji-ma(V/VI) -laumulo -laumuyo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -laumucho -laumuvyo n(IX/X) -laumuyo -laumuzo u(XI) -laumuo see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -laumuko pa(XVI) -laumupo mu(XVIII) -laumumo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -laumu) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yelaumu -olaumu m-mi(III/IV) -olaumu -yolaumu ji-ma(V/VI) -lolaumu -yolaumu ki-vi(VII/VIII) -cholaumu -vyolaumu n(IX/X) -yolaumu -zolaumu u(XI) -olaumu see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kolaumu pa(XVI) -polaumu mu(XVIII) -molaumu
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Passive: -laumiwa (“to be blamed”)

Related terms

• lawama (“blame, fault”)