laime

See also: láime, laimē, and laimė

Latvian

Alternative forms

• (dialectal form) laima

Etymology

From the same Proto-Indo-European stem as the verb laist (“to let, to allow”) (q.v.): *laid-mē > laime. The verb laist can also mean “to give, to grant,” which would suggest for laime the original meaning of “given, granted (thing),” which could be either positive or negative, i.e., “fate,” a meaning with which laime can be found in folk songs and tales, and in occasional modern phrases like laba laime “good luck.” In common usage, however, the meaning of laime developed from “fate” to “good, happy fate,” “happiness.” Cognates include Lithuanian láimė, Old Prussian laeims ([laims], “rich”), laimiskan (“abundant[acc.]”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [lāīmɛ]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

laime f (5th declension)

1. (only singular) happiness (mental and emotional state denoting harmony with the internal and external worlds; the quality of one who is happy)

   vēlēt laimes ― to wish happiness, success

   daudz laimes! ― (I wish you) lots of happiness!

   apreibt no laimes ― to be giddy with happiness

   acis paceliet uz laimes zemi ― lift (your) eyes to the land of happiness

   aktrise bija kā sparnos un, laimē starodama, stājās pie darba ― the actress was as if in wings, and, beaming with happiness, she started her work

2. (only singular) (good) luck, (good) fortune, chance (an accidental set of favorable circumstances)

   akla laime ― blind luck

   paļauties uz laimi ― to rely on luck

   par laimi ― fortunately, luckily (lit. by luck)

   laimes rats ― the wheel of fortune

   laimes spēle ― game of chance

   kāda laime, ka es tevi šovakar satiku ― how lucky that I met you tonight

   redz nu, kāda tev laime: primais noķēri zivi ― see how lucky you were: the first to catch a fish

3. luck, fate (a traditional form of divination, typical of New Year, based on the shapes made by molten metal — lead, tin — in water)

   Jaungada laime ― New Year's luck

   pēc vakariņam norunāja liet laimes, un visi pārgāja uz virtuvi; Ilzīte jau tālredzīgi bija apgādājusies ar svinu ― after dinner they arranged to pour fates (i.e., molten metal into water); little Ilze, with foresight, had already supplied herself with lead

4. lilac flower with more than four corollas, or shamrock with more than three petals, both believed to bring good luck

   es atradu vienu laimes zidu: astoņas lapas! ― I found one lucky flower: eight petals!

   viņas iet tuvu garām lielam, samtaini mēļam ceriņkrūmam; Ieva apstājas, acīm ātri pārskrej dažus ziedu zarus: “trīspadsmit!” viņa iesaucas. “Tik daudz laimju! tādas es atradu tikai jaunībā.” ― they went by a big, velvety violet lilac bush; Ieva stops, (her) eyes quickly run over several flower branches: “thirteen!” she exclaims. “So many lucky flowers! Such (= So many) I found only in my youth.”

Declension

Declension of laime (5th declension)

	singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative (nominatīvs)	laime	laimes
accusative (akuzatīvs)	laimi	laimes
genitive (ģenitīvs)	laimes	laimju
dative (datīvs)	laimei	laimēm
instrumental (instrumentālis)	laimi	laimēm
locative (lokatīvs)	laimē	laimēs
vocative (vokatīvs)	laime	laimes

Synonyms

• prieks, dzīvesprieks

Antonyms

• bēdas, bēdīgums
• drūmums
• nelaime
• nomaktība
• skumjas, skumjums, skumīgums, skumība
• sērība, sērīgums, sērums

Derived terms

• laimība
• laimīgs

Lithuanian

Noun

laime

1. instrumental/vocative singular of laimė (“fortune”)