kwaruzana

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-kwaruzana (infinitive kukwaruzana)

1. Reciprocal form of -kwaruza

Conjugation

Conjugation of -kwaruzana
Positive present -nakwaruzana Subjunctive -kwaruzane Negative -kwaruzani Imperative singular kwaruzana
Infinitives
Positive kukwaruzana Negative kutokwaruzana
Imperatives
Singular kwaruzana Plural kwaruzaneni
Tensed forms
Habitual hukwaruzana Positive past positive subject concord + -likwaruzana Negative past negative subject concord + -kukwaruzana
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakwaruzana) Singular Plural 1st person ninakwaruzana/nakwaruzana tunakwaruzana 2nd person unakwaruzana mnakwaruzana 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anakwaruzana wanakwaruzana other classes positive subject concord + -nakwaruzana
Negative present (negative subject concord + -kwaruzani) Singular Plural 1st person sikwaruzani hatukwaruzani 2nd person hukwaruzani hamkwaruzani 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hakwaruzani hawakwaruzani other classes negative subject concord + -kwaruzani
Positive future positive subject concord + -takwaruzana Negative future negative subject concord + -takwaruzana
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kwaruzane) Singular Plural 1st person nikwaruzane tukwaruzane 2nd person ukwaruzane mkwaruzane 3rd person m-wa(I/II) akwaruzane wakwaruzane other classes positive subject concord + -kwaruzane
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sikwaruzane Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngekwaruzana Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singekwaruzana Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalikwaruzana Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalikwaruzana
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akwaruzana) Singular Plural 1st person nakwaruzana twakwaruzana 2nd person wakwaruzana mwakwaruzana 3rd person m-wa(I/II) akwaruzana wakwaruzana m-mi(III/IV) wakwaruzana yakwaruzana ji-ma(V/VI) lakwaruzana yakwaruzana ki-vi(VII/VIII) chakwaruzana vyakwaruzana n(IX/X) yakwaruzana zakwaruzana u(XI) wakwaruzana see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwakwaruzana pa(XVI) pakwaruzana mu(XVIII) mwakwaruzana
Perfect positive subject concord + -mekwaruzana "Already" positive subject concord + -meshakwaruzana "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jakwaruzana "If/When" positive subject concord + -kikwaruzana "If not" positive subject concord + -sipokwaruzana Consecutive kakwaruzana / positive subject concord + -kakwaruzana Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kakwaruzane Object concord —
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + -kwaruzana- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -kwaruzanaye -kwaruzanao m-mi(III/IV) -kwaruzanao -kwaruzanayo ji-ma(V/VI) -kwaruzanalo -kwaruzanayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kwaruzanacho -kwaruzanavyo n(IX/X) -kwaruzanayo -kwaruzanazo u(XI) -kwaruzanao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kwaruzanako pa(XVI) -kwaruzanapo mu(XVIII) -kwaruzanamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + -kwaruzana) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yekwaruzana -okwaruzana m-mi(III/IV) -okwaruzana -yokwaruzana ji-ma(V/VI) -lokwaruzana -yokwaruzana ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chokwaruzana -vyokwaruzana n(IX/X) -yokwaruzana -zokwaruzana u(XI) -okwaruzana see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kokwaruzana pa(XVI) -pokwaruzana mu(XVIII) -mokwaruzana
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Nominal derivations:
  • mkwaruzano (“friction”)