kumbuka

Chichewa

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kuˈᵐbu.ka/

Verb

-kumbuka (infinitive kukúmbuka)

1. remember, recall

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -kumbukira
  • Causative: -kumbutsa (“remind”)

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Democratic Republic of the Congo, non-native); “nakumbuka”:

  (file)

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-kumbuka (infinitive kukumbuka)

1. to remember, recall

Conjugation

Conjugation of -kumbuka
Positive present -nakumbuka Subjunctive -kumbuke Negative -kumbuki Imperative singular kumbuka
Infinitives
Positive kukumbuka Negative kutokumbuka
Imperatives
Singular kumbuka Plural kumbukeni
Tensed forms
Habitual hukumbuka Positive past positive subject concord + -likumbuka Negative past negative subject concord + -kukumbuka
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakumbuka) Singular Plural 1st person ninakumbuka/nakumbuka tunakumbuka 2nd person unakumbuka mnakumbuka 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anakumbuka wanakumbuka other classes positive subject concord + -nakumbuka
Negative present (negative subject concord + -kumbuki) Singular Plural 1st person sikumbuki hatukumbuki 2nd person hukumbuki hamkumbuki 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hakumbuki hawakumbuki other classes negative subject concord + -kumbuki
Positive future positive subject concord + -takumbuka Negative future negative subject concord + -takumbuka
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kumbuke) Singular Plural 1st person nikumbuke tukumbuke 2nd person ukumbuke mkumbuke 3rd person m-wa(I/II) akumbuke wakumbuke other classes positive subject concord + -kumbuke
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sikumbuke Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngekumbuka Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singekumbuka Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalikumbuka Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalikumbuka
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akumbuka) Singular Plural 1st person nakumbuka twakumbuka 2nd person wakumbuka mwakumbuka 3rd person m-wa(I/II) akumbuka wakumbuka m-mi(III/IV) wakumbuka yakumbuka ji-ma(V/VI) lakumbuka yakumbuka ki-vi(VII/VIII) chakumbuka vyakumbuka n(IX/X) yakumbuka zakumbuka u(XI) wakumbuka see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwakumbuka pa(XVI) pakumbuka mu(XVIII) mwakumbuka
Perfect positive subject concord + -mekumbuka "Already" positive subject concord + -meshakumbuka "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jakumbuka "If/When" positive subject concord + -kikumbuka "If not" positive subject concord + -sipokumbuka Consecutive kakumbuka / positive subject concord + -kakumbuka Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kakumbuke
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nikumbuka -tukumbuka 2nd person -kukumbuka -wakumbuka/-kukumbukeni/-wakumbukeni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mkumbuka -wakumbuka m-mi(III/IV) -ukumbuka -ikumbuka ji-ma(V/VI) -likumbuka -yakumbuka ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kikumbuka -vikumbuka n(IX/X) -ikumbuka -zikumbuka u(XI) -ukumbuka see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kukumbuka pa(XVI) -pakumbuka mu(XVIII) -mukumbuka Reflexive -jikumbuka
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -kumbuka- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -kumbukaye -kumbukao m-mi(III/IV) -kumbukao -kumbukayo ji-ma(V/VI) -kumbukalo -kumbukayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kumbukacho -kumbukavyo n(IX/X) -kumbukayo -kumbukazo u(XI) -kumbukao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kumbukako pa(XVI) -kumbukapo mu(XVIII) -kumbukamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -kumbuka) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yekumbuka -okumbuka m-mi(III/IV) -okumbuka -yokumbuka ji-ma(V/VI) -lokumbuka -yokumbuka ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chokumbuka -vyokumbuka n(IX/X) -yokumbuka -zokumbuka u(XI) -okumbuka see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kokumbuka pa(XVI) -pokumbuka mu(XVIII) -mokumbuka
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -kumbukia
  • Causative: -kumbusha (“remind”)
  • Passive: -kumbukwa

• Nominal derivations:
  • ukumbuko