kaum
Cimbrian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle High German kūme, from Old High German kūmo, from Proto-Germanic *kūmaz, *kūmijaz (“weak, pitiful, frail”), from Proto-Indo-European *gewH- (“to call, cry”). Cognate with German kaum, also English comely.
Adverb
[edit]kaum (Sette Comuni)
- barely, hardly
- only, just, merely
- Ar is gabéest hia kaum hòite mòrgande.
- He was just here this morning.
Further reading
[edit]- “kaum” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
Daga
[edit]Noun
[edit]kaum
References
[edit]- Kivung (journal of the Linguistic Society of Papua New Guinea), volume 5 (1972), page 204
German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle High German kūme, from Old High German kūmo, from Proto-Germanic *kūmaz, *kūmijaz (“weak, pitiful, frail”), from Proto-Indo-European *gewH- (“to call, cry”).[1] Cognate with English comely and archaic Dutch kuim (“barely”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adverb
[edit]kaum
- barely, hardly
- Ich kann das kaum lesen.
- I can barely read this.
- Die Handschrift ist kaum lesbar.
- The handwriting is barely legible.
- difficult, nearly impossible [with zu (+ infinitive) ‘to do’]
- Das ist kaum zu glauben.
- That's difficult to believe.
- little
- Synonym: wenig
References
[edit]- ^ Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “comely”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
Further reading
[edit]- “kaum” in Duden online
- “kaum” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- Friedrich Kluge (1883) “kaum”, in John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891
Indonesian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- kaoem (pre-1947)
Etymology
[edit]From Malay kaum, from Classical Malay kaum, from Arabic قَوْم (qawm).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /ˈkaum/ [ˈka.ʊm]
- Rhymes: -aum
- Syllabification: kaum
Noun
[edit]kaum (first-person possessive kaumku, second-person possessive kaummu, third-person possessive kaumnya)
- people
- Synonym: suku bangsa
- family, relative
- group, class
- Synonym: golongan
- (archaic, Islam) mosque worker
- (archaic) matrilineal descendant
Hyponyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “kaum” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Javanese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Noun
[edit]kaum
Luxembourgish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old High German kūmo. Cognate with German kaum, Dutch kuim.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adverb
[edit]kaum
Malay
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Noun
[edit]kaum (Jawi spelling قوم, plural kaum-kaum, informal 1st possessive kaumku, 2nd possessive kaummu, 3rd possessive kaumnya)
- people, community
- Synonyms: masyarakat, warga
- tribe, clan
- group of people with common traits, such as an ethnic group or race
Further reading
[edit]- “kaum” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Plautdietsch
[edit]Adverb
[edit]kaum
Veps
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *kalma.
Noun
[edit]kaum
Declension
[edit]Inflection of kaum (inflection type 5/sana) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative sing. | kaum | ||
genitive sing. | kauman | ||
partitive sing. | kaumad | ||
partitive plur. | kaumoid | ||
singular | plural | ||
nominative | kaum | kaumad | |
accusative | kauman | kaumad | |
genitive | kauman | kaumoiden | |
partitive | kaumad | kaumoid | |
essive-instructive | kauman | kaumoin | |
translative | kaumaks | kaumoikš | |
inessive | kaumas | kaumoiš | |
elative | kaumaspäi | kaumoišpäi | |
illative | kaumaha | kaumoihe | |
adessive | kaumal | kaumoil | |
ablative | kaumalpäi | kaumoilpäi | |
allative | kaumale | kaumoile | |
abessive | kaumata | kaumoita | |
comitative | kaumanke | kaumoidenke | |
prolative | kaumadme | kaumoidme | |
approximative I | kaumanno | kaumoidenno | |
approximative II | kaumannoks | kaumoidennoks | |
egressive | kaumannopäi | kaumoidennopäi | |
terminative I | kaumahasai | kaumoihesai | |
terminative II | kaumalesai | kaumoilesai | |
terminative III | kaumassai | — | |
additive I | kaumahapäi | kaumoihepäi | |
additive II | kaumalepäi | kaumoilepäi |
White Hmong
[edit]< 9 | 10 | 11 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : kaum | ||
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Hmong-Mien *gju̯ɛp (“ten”). Cognate with Iu Mien ziepc.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Rhymes: -um
Numeral
[edit]kaum
References
[edit]- Cimbrian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Cimbrian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gewH-
- Cimbrian terms inherited from Middle High German
- Cimbrian terms derived from Middle High German
- Cimbrian terms inherited from Old High German
- Cimbrian terms derived from Old High German
- Cimbrian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Cimbrian lemmas
- Cimbrian adverbs
- Sette Comuni Cimbrian
- Cimbrian terms with usage examples
- Daga lemmas
- Daga nouns
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms inherited from Old High German
- German terms derived from Old High German
- German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- German 1-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:German/aʊ̯m
- Rhymes:German/aʊ̯m/1 syllable
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- German lemmas
- German adverbs
- German terms with usage examples
- Indonesian terms inherited from Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from Malay
- Indonesian terms inherited from Classical Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from Classical Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from Arabic
- Indonesian 2-syllable words
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Indonesian/aum
- Rhymes:Indonesian/aum/2 syllables
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian nouns
- Indonesian terms with archaic senses
- id:Islam
- Javanese terms borrowed from Arabic
- Javanese terms derived from Arabic
- Javanese lemmas
- Javanese nouns
- Luxembourgish terms inherited from Old High German
- Luxembourgish terms derived from Old High German
- Luxembourgish 1-syllable words
- Luxembourgish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Luxembourgish/æːʊm
- Rhymes:Luxembourgish/æːʊm/1 syllable
- Luxembourgish lemmas
- Luxembourgish adverbs
- Malay terms borrowed from Arabic
- Malay terms derived from Arabic
- Malay lemmas
- Malay nouns
- ms:Society
- Plautdietsch lemmas
- Plautdietsch adverbs
- Veps terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Veps terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Veps lemmas
- Veps nouns
- Veps sana-type nominals
- White Hmong terms inherited from Proto-Hmong-Mien
- White Hmong terms derived from Proto-Hmong-Mien
- Rhymes:Malay/um
- Rhymes:Malay/um/2 syllables
- White Hmong terms with IPA pronunciation
- White Hmong lemmas
- White Hmong numerals