1 Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun. 2 From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural. In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine. 8 Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.
In Middle Egyptian this is a defective verb, used only in the subjunctive and imperative. The imperative in this case becomes usually written as simply
s is conventionally transliterated jmm but in fact likely represents only a single m; one of the signs was originally a phonetic complement to biliteral
standing for jm, but
later took on a uniliteral value m and so became considered interchangeable with
“jm.j (lemma ID 25130)”, “jm.j (lemma ID 25120)”, “jmi̯ (lemma ID 25170)”, “m (lemma ID 64410)”, and “jmi̯ (lemma ID 851706)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
