rḏj

See also: RDJ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /(ɾV)ˈcʼiːjit/ → /(ɾV)ˈtʼiːjiʔ/ → /(ɾə)ˈtʼiːʔə/ → /ˈtʼiːʔ/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /(ɾV)ˈcʼiːjit/

  where V represents an unknown short vowel.

• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /(ɾV)ˈtʼiːjiʔ/

  where V represents an unknown short vowel.

• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /(ɾə)ˈtʼiːʔə/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈtʼiːʔ/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /rɛd͡ʒi/
  • Conventional anglicization: redji

Verb

 anom.

1. (transitive) to give, to provide with
2. (transitive) to serve as a source of (water, dew, etc.), to provide (something) passively
3. (transitive) to extend (one’s hand or arm), to give (one’s hand) (+ n or r: to)
4. (transitive) to send forth, to emit
   1. (transitive) to give forth (blood, air, one’s voice, etc.), to exude, to run with, to emit
   2. (transitive) to throw or thrust (a weapon)
   3. (transitive) to send (a letter)
   4. (transitive) to issue, to promulgate (laws, decrees, prescriptions, commands)
5. (transitive) to put, to set, to place (+ r: in, on, at (a place); + ḥr: upon; + m: in)
   • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 39–41:

     ꜥḥꜥ.n.j rḏj.kw r jw jn wꜣw n(j) wꜣḏ-wr

     Then I was put on an island by a wave of the sea.

6. (transitive) to appoint (+ m or + r: as; + r or ḥr: to do (something))
   • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 177–179:

     ꜥḥꜥ.n(.j) rdj.kw r šmsw sꜣḥ.kw m štj tpw

     Then I was appointed as a retainer and endowed with two hundred servants (literally, “heads”).

7. (transitive) to set down in writing (+ m or r: in (a document))
8. (transitive) to set (fire) (+ m or r: to)
9. (reflexive) to set oneself or lay oneself in some position, particularly prostrate on the ground
10. (transitive) to turn (one’s face, back, etc.) (+ n or r: to, toward)
11. (reflexive, often of the sun or gods) to reveal oneself
12. (catenative, with a verb in the subjunctive) to cause, make, let, allow
    • c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 2.3–2.4:

      rdj.jn ṯꜣt(j) njs.t(w) nꜣy.f n(j) ẖrdw m ḫt ꜥrq.f sḫr r(m)ṯw bj(ꜣ)t.sn m jjt ḥr.f

      So the vizier let his children be summoned after he understood the conduct of people, their character being what had come upon him.

Inflection

Conjugation of rḏj (anomalous / anom.) — base stem: rḏj, ḏj, geminated stem: ḏḏ

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural rḏjt, ḏjt rḏj — jmj, ḏj jmj, ḏj, ḏy ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 rḏj6, ḏj6 ḥr rḏjt, ḥr ḏjt m rḏjt, m ḏjt r rḏjt, r ḏjt suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect rḏj.n, ḏj.n rḏj, rḏjw, rḏy, ḏj, ḏjw, ḏy consecutive rḏj.jn, ḏj.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative — perfective3 rḏj active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 rḏj.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective ḏj active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 rḏj, rḏjw rḏj, rḏjw potentialis1 rḏj.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive ḏj active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect rḏj.n, ḏj.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective rḏj, ḏj active + .tj1, .tw2 rḏj, ḏj rḏy, rḏj, ḏy, ḏj imperfective ḏḏ, ḏḏw, ḏḏy active + .tj1, .tw2 ḏḏ ḏḏ, ḏḏw5 prospective — — rḏjtj4, rḏjt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Third-person masculine statives of this verb often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Note in particular the irregular imperative jmj.

In Late Egyptian the masculine third-person singular of the stative is commonly written .

Alternative forms

By Middle Egyptian times, this verb had most likely become rdj, although sometimes written identically to its older form. By Late Egyptian it was likely dj.

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of rḏj  

rḏj	rdj	rdj	rdj	rtj
[chiefly Old Kingdom]	[Middle Kingdom]	[Middle Kingdom]	[Late Period]	[Late Period]

Derived terms

• pꜣ-dj-bꜣstt
• m-jr-djt
• m-dyt
• rḏj jwt
• rḏj jb
• rḏj jb m sꜣ
• rḏj jb n
• rḏj jb ḫnt
• rḏj jp ḥr
• rḏj jn.tw
• rḏj wꜣt n
• rḏj mꜣꜥ r
• rḏj m jb
• rḏj m ḥr
• ḥtp ḏj
• ḥtp ḏj nswt
• ḏj ꜥnḫ
• ḏj ꜥnḫ ḏd wꜣs
• ḏḏw-ms
• ḏḏt-jmn

Descendants

• Demotic: ty
  • Coptic: ϯ (ti)

References

• “rḏi̯ (lemma ID 851711)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1928) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 2, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 464.1–468.15
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, pages 154–156
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 159, 357.
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, pages 93–94
• Junge, Friedrich (2005) Late Egyptian Grammar: An Introduction, second English edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, page 82