iacto

Latin

Etymology

From iaciō (“throw”) +‎ -tō (frequentative suffix). See iactus.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈi̯ak.toː/, [ˈi̯äkt̪oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈjak.to/, [ˈjäkt̪o]

Verb

iactō (present infinitive iactāre, perfect active iactāvī, supine iactātum); first conjugation

1. to throw, cast, hurl

   Synonyms: coniciō, iniciō, adiciō, obiciō, abiciō, permittō, iaciō, trāiciō, iaculor, spargō, impingō, ēmittō, mittō, lībrō

2. to scatter, toss
3. (figuratively) to disturb, disquiet, torment, agitate, shock

   Synonyms: cieo, perpello, molior, instigo, instinguo, agito, turbo, ango

   • 8 CE – 12 CE, Ovid, Sorrows 1.41–42:

     carmina sēcessum scrībentis et ōtia quaerunt;
     mē mare, mē ventī, mē fera iactat hiems

     Verses require of [their] writing [both] solitude and leisure;
     the sea, winds, [and] a savage winter disturb me.
     (The poet, sailing to exile during wintertime, is disturbed both physically and mentally.)

4. to utter, speak, throw out
5. to hurl insults
6. to be officious or active in, give oneself up to, devote oneself to a thing

   Synonyms: versō, exerceō, operor

7. to boast, act conceitedly, be officious, show off, display, parade, throw one’s weight around, make oneself conspicuous, flaunt oneself
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.139–141:

     “Tenet ille immānia saxa,
     vestrās, Eure, domōs; illā sē iactet in aulā
     Aeolus, et clausō ventōrum carcere rēgnet.”

     “He controls those monstrous rocks, [which are] your abode, Eurus; let Aeolus flaunt himself in that palace, and rule in the locked prison of the winds.”
     (Neptune (mythology) dismisses Eurus and the other winds with a derogatory warning for their king, Aeolus (son of Hippotes).)

8. (Medieval Latin) to invest

Conjugation

   Conjugation of iactō (first conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	iactō		iactās		iactat		iactāmus		iactātis		iactant
	imperfect	iactābam		iactābās		iactābat		iactābāmus		iactābātis		iactābant
	future	iactābō		iactābis		iactābit		iactābimus		iactābitis		iactābunt
	perfect	iactāvī		iactāvistī		iactāvit		iactāvimus		iactāvistis		iactāvērunt, iactāvēre
	pluperfect	iactāveram		iactāverās		iactāverat		iactāverāmus		iactāverātis		iactāverant
	future perfect	iactāverō		iactāveris		iactāverit		iactāverimus		iactāveritis		iactāverint
passive	present	iactor		iactāris, iactāre		iactātur		iactāmur		iactāminī		iactantur
	imperfect	iactābar		iactābāris, iactābāre		iactābātur		iactābāmur		iactābāminī		iactābantur
	future	iactābor		iactāberis, iactābere		iactābitur		iactābimur		iactābiminī		iactābuntur
	perfect	iactātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	iactātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	iactātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	iactem		iactēs		iactet		iactēmus		iactētis		iactent
	imperfect	iactārem		iactārēs		iactāret		iactārēmus		iactārētis		iactārent
	perfect	iactāverim		iactāverīs		iactāverit		iactāverīmus		iactāverītis		iactāverint
	pluperfect	iactāvissem		iactāvissēs		iactāvisset		iactāvissēmus		iactāvissētis		iactāvissent
passive	present	iacter		iactēris, iactēre		iactētur		iactēmur		iactēminī		iactentur
	imperfect	iactārer		iactārēris, iactārēre		iactārētur		iactārēmur		iactārēminī		iactārentur
	perfect	iactātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	iactātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		iactā		—		—		iactāte		—
	future	—		iactātō		iactātō		—		iactātōte		iactantō
passive	present	—		iactāre		—		—		iactāminī		—
	future	—		iactātor		iactātor		—		—		iactantor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		iactāre			iactārī, iactārier1			iactāns			—
future		iactātūrum esse			iactātum īrī			iactātūrus			iactandus
perfect		iactāvisse			iactātum esse			—			iactātus
future perfect		—			iactātum fore			—			—
perfect potential		iactātūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		iactandī		iactandō		iactandum		iactandō		iactātum		iactātū

¹The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.

Derived terms

• abiectō
• cōniectō
• dēiectō
• ēiectō
• iaciō
• iactābundus
• iactāns
• iactanter
• iactantia
• iactātiō
• iactātor
• iactātus
• iactitō
• obiectō

Descendants

• Late Latin: iectō (see there for further descendants)
• → Portuguese: jactar
• → Sicilian: jattari
• → Spanish: jactar

Participle

iactō

1. dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of iactus

References

• “iacto”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• jacto in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • tossed hither and thither by the waves: fluctibus iactari
    
  • to have a severe attack of fever: aestu et febri iactari
    
  • to experience the ups and downs of life: multis casibus iactari
    
  • to use threats: minas iacere, iactare
    
  • the bank-rate varies: nummus iactatur (Off. 3. 20. 80)
    
• iacto in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2025), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
• iacto in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016