spargo

See also: Spargo

Italian

Verb

spargo

1. first-person singular present indicative of spargere

Anagrams

• graspo, sporga

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)pregʰ- (“to scatter, to jerk”), see also spurcus, Old Irish arg (“a drop”), Lithuanian sprogti (“a bud, a shoot”), Northern Sami sprygg (“active, brisk”), Old Norse freknur (“speckles”) (whence English freckle), Avestan 𐬟𐬭𐬀-𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬈𐬔𐬀 (fra-sparega, “twig, branch, something jerked off of a tree”), Sanskrit पर्जन्य (parjanya, “rain god, rain”). See also spernō and Ancient Greek σπείρω (speírō).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈspar.ɡoː/, [ˈs̠pärɡoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈspar.ɡo/, [ˈspärɡo]

Verb

spargō (present infinitive spargere, perfect active sparsī, supine sparsum); third conjugation

1. to scatter, strew, sprinkle, sparkle
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.512:

     Sparserat et laticēs simulātōs fontis Avernī, [...].

     [The priestess] also had sprinkled the supposed waters of Avernus’ spring, [...].

   • 23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horace, Odes IV.11:

     [...] ara castis vincta verbenis avet immolato spargier agno; [...]

     [...] the altar decorated with fresh foliage yearns to be sprinkled with [blood from] a sacrificed lamb; [...]

Conjugation

   Conjugation of spargō (third conjugation)

indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	spargō	spargis	spargit	spargimus	spargitis	spargunt
	imperfect	spargēbam	spargēbās	spargēbat	spargēbāmus	spargēbātis	spargēbant
	future	spargam	spargēs	sparget	spargēmus	spargētis	spargent
	perfect	sparsī	sparsistī	sparsit	sparsimus	sparsistis	sparsērunt, sparsēre
	pluperfect	sparseram	sparserās	sparserat	sparserāmus	sparserātis	sparserant
	future perfect	sparserō	sparseris	sparserit	sparserimus	sparseritis	sparserint
passive	present	spargor	spargeris, spargere	spargitur	spargimur	spargiminī	sparguntur
	imperfect	spargēbar	spargēbāris, spargēbāre	spargēbātur	spargēbāmur	spargēbāminī	spargēbantur
	future	spargar	spargēris, spargēre	spargētur	spargēmur	spargēminī	spargentur
	perfect	sparsus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	sparsus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	sparsus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	spargam	spargās	spargat	spargāmus	spargātis	spargant
imperfect	spargerem	spargerēs	spargeret	spargerēmus	spargerētis	spargerent
perfect	sparserim	sparserīs	sparserit	sparserīmus	sparserītis	sparserint
pluperfect	sparsissem	sparsissēs	sparsisset	sparsissēmus	sparsissētis	sparsissent
passive	present	spargar	spargāris, spargāre	spargātur	spargāmur	spargāminī	spargantur
imperfect	spargerer	spargerēris, spargerēre	spargerētur	spargerēmur	spargerēminī	spargerentur
perfect	sparsus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect	sparsus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	sparge	—	—	spargite	—
	future	—	spargitō	spargitō	—	spargitōte	sparguntō
passive	present	—	spargere	—	—	spargiminī	—
	future	—	spargitor	spargitor	—	—	sparguntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		spargere	sparsisse	sparsūrum esse	spargī, spargier1	sparsum esse	sparsum īrī
participles		spargēns	—	sparsūrus	—	sparsus	spargendus, spargundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		spargendī	spargendō	spargendum	spargendō	sparsum	sparsū

¹The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.

Derived terms

• aspergō
• cōnspergō
• dispergō
• īnspergō
• respergō
• spargō
• sparsilis
• sparsim
• sparsīvus
• sparsus

 

Descendants

• Balkan Romance:
  • Aromanian: spargu, aspargu, aspardziri
  • Romanian: sparge, spargere
• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: spargere
• Padanian:
  • Venetan: spàrxer
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: espargir
  • Old French: espardre, espargier
    • Middle French: espardre
      • French: épardre (obsolete or regional)
      • French: asperger
    • → English: sparge
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Asturian: esparder
  • Galician: esparexer
  • Portuguese: espargir
  • Spanish: esparcir
• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: ispàlghere, isparghere, ispàrgiri, ispràghere, spàrgiri

References

• “spargo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “spargo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• spargo in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• spargo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to spread a rumour: rumorem spargere
    
  • to sow: serere; semen spargere