σπείρω
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Ancient Greek
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /spěː.rɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈspi.ro/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈspi.ro/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈspi.ro/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈspi.ro/
Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Hellenic *spéřřō, from Proto-Indo-European *spéryeti, from *sper- (“to sprinkle, scatter, strew”).
The only known secure cognate is Hittite [script needed] (išpār-ᶦ, “to spread out, strew”) (< *spor-ey). Old Armenian սփռեմ (spʻṙem, “to spread out”) (whence modern Armenian սփռել (spʻṙel)) appears to be unrelated, despite semantic and superficial phonetic similarities.[1]
Note English spray, sprout, spread, whose proto-Germanic forms are possibly connected. Perhaps also related through extensions of this root to Latin spargō, spernō, spurcus and spurius, English spurn.
Alternative forms
[edit]Verb
[edit]σπείρω • (speírō)
- to sow
Conjugation
[edit] Present: σπείρω, σπείρομαι
Imperfect: ἔσπειρον, ἐσπειρόμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔσπειρον | ἔσπειρες | ἔσπειρε(ν) | ἐσπείρετον | ἐσπειρέτην | ἐσπείρομεν | ἐσπείρετε | ἔσπειρον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐσπειρόμην | ἐσπείρου | ἐσπείρετο | ἐσπείρεσθον | ἐσπειρέσθην | ἐσπειρόμεθᾰ | ἐσπείρεσθε | ἐσπείροντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | σπείρεσκον | σπείρεσκες | σπείρεσκε(ν) | σπειρέσκετον | σπειρεσκέτην | σπειρέσκομεν | σπειρέσκετε | σπείρεσκον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | σπειρεσκόμην | σπειρέσκου | σπειρέσκετο | σπειρέσκεσθον | σπειρεσκέσθην | σπειρεσκόμεθᾰ | σπειρέσκεσθε | σπειρέσκοντο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | σπέρσω | σπέρσεις | σπέρσει | σπέρσετον | σπέρσετον | σπέρσομεν | σπέρσετε | σπέρσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | σπέρσοιμῐ | σπέρσοις | σπέρσοι | σπέρσοιτον | σπερσοίτην | σπέρσοιμεν | σπέρσοιτε | σπέρσοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | σπέρσομαι | σπέρσεαι | σπέρσεται | σπέρσεσθον | σπέρσεσθον | σπερσόμεθᾰ | σπέρσεσθε | σπέρσονται | ||||
optative | σπερσοίμην | σπέρσοιο | σπέρσοιτο | σπέρσοισθον | σπερσοίσθην | σπερσοίμεθᾰ | σπέρσοισθε | σπέρσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | σπέρσειν | σπέρσεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | σπέρσων | σπερσόμενος | ||||||||||
f | σπέρσουσᾰ | σπερσομένη | |||||||||||
n | σπέρσον | σπερσόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Derived terms
[edit]- ἀποσπείρω (apospeírō)
- διασπείρω (diaspeírō)
- ἐνδιασπείρω (endiaspeírō)
- ἐνισπείρω (enispeírō)
- ἐνσπείρω (enspeírō)
- ἐπανασπείρω (epanaspeírō)
- ἐπισπείρω (epispeírō)
- κατασπείρω (kataspeírō)
- παρασπείρω (paraspeírō)
- περισπείρω (perispeírō)
- πολυσπερής (polusperḗs)
- προδιασπείρω (prodiaspeírō)
- προκατασπείρω (prokataspeírō)
- προϋποσπείρω (proüpospeírō)
- σπαρτέον (spartéon)
- σπαρτός (spartós)
- σπεῖρον (speîron)
- σπειρώδης (speirṓdēs)
- σπείρωσις (speírōsis)
- σπέρμα (spérma)
- σπορά (sporá)
- σπόριμος (spórimos)
- σπόρος (spóros)
- συγκατασπείρω (sunkataspeírō)
- συσπείρω (suspeírō)
- ὑποσπείρω (hupospeírō)
References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “σπείρω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1379-80
Further reading
[edit]- σπείρω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- “σπείρω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “σπείρω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G4687 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- beget idem, page 70.
- bestrew idem, page 76.
- blaze idem, page 82.
- bruit idem, page 101.
- circulate idem, page 132.
- diffuse idem, page 223.
- disperse idem, page 236.
- disseminate idem, page 239.
- noise abroad idem, page 559.
- plant idem, page 617.
- procreate idem, page 644.
- propagate idem, page 653.
- report idem, page 697.
- scatter idem, page 738.
- sow idem, page 797.
- spread idem, page 805.
Etymology 2
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun
[edit]σπείρω • (speírō)
- nominative/accusative/vocative dual of σπεῖρον (speîron)
Greek
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]σπείρω • (speíro)
- 1st person singular dependent form of σπέρνω (spérno).
Categories:
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sper-
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek verbs
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Ancient Greek non-lemma forms
- Ancient Greek noun forms
- Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Greek non-lemma forms
- Greek verb forms