hukumu

Swahili

Etymology

From Arabic حُكْم (ḥukm) and its root.

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Noun

hukumu class IX (plural hukumu class X)

1. judgment, verdict

Verb

-hukumu (infinitive kuhukumu)

1. to judge, to pass a judgment upon

Conjugation

Conjugation of -hukumu
Positive present -nahukumu Subjunctive -hukumu Negative -hukumu Imperative singular hukumu
Infinitives
Positive kuhukumu Negative kutohukumu
Imperatives
Singular hukumu Plural hukumuni
Tensed forms
Habitual huhukumu Positive past positive subject concord + -lihukumu Negative past negative subject concord + -kuhukumu
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nahukumu) Singular Plural 1st person ninahukumu/nahukumu tunahukumu 2nd person unahukumu mnahukumu 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anahukumu wanahukumu other classes positive subject concord + -nahukumu
Negative present (negative subject concord + -hukumu) Singular Plural 1st person sihukumu hatuhukumu 2nd person huhukumu hamhukumu 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hahukumu hawahukumu other classes negative subject concord + -hukumu
Positive future positive subject concord + -tahukumu Negative future negative subject concord + -tahukumu
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -hukumu) Singular Plural 1st person nihukumu tuhukumu 2nd person uhukumu mhukumu 3rd person m-wa(I/II) ahukumu wahukumu other classes positive subject concord + -hukumu
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sihukumu Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngehukumu Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singehukumu Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalihukumu Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalihukumu
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ahukumu) Singular Plural 1st person nahukumu twahukumu 2nd person wahukumu mwahukumu 3rd person m-wa(I/II) ahukumu wahukumu m-mi(III/IV) wahukumu yahukumu ji-ma(V/VI) lahukumu yahukumu ki-vi(VII/VIII) chahukumu vyahukumu n(IX/X) yahukumu zahukumu u(XI) wahukumu see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwahukumu pa(XVI) pahukumu mu(XVIII) mwahukumu
Perfect positive subject concord + -mehukumu "Already" positive subject concord + -meshahukumu "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jahukumu "If/When" positive subject concord + -kihukumu "If not" positive subject concord + -sipohukumu Consecutive kahukumu / positive subject concord + -kahukumu Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kahukumu
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nihukumu -tuhukumu 2nd person -kuhukumu -wahukumu/-kuhukumuni/-wahukumuni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mhukumu -wahukumu m-mi(III/IV) -uhukumu -ihukumu ji-ma(V/VI) -lihukumu -yahukumu ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kihukumu -vihukumu n(IX/X) -ihukumu -zihukumu u(XI) -uhukumu see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kuhukumu pa(XVI) -pahukumu mu(XVIII) -muhukumu Reflexive -jihukumu
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -hukumu- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -hukumuye -hukumuo m-mi(III/IV) -hukumuo -hukumuyo ji-ma(V/VI) -hukumulo -hukumuyo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -hukumucho -hukumuvyo n(IX/X) -hukumuyo -hukumuzo u(XI) -hukumuo see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -hukumuko pa(XVI) -hukumupo mu(XVIII) -hukumumo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -hukumu) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yehukumu -ohukumu m-mi(III/IV) -ohukumu -yohukumu ji-ma(V/VI) -lohukumu -yohukumu ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chohukumu -vyohukumu n(IX/X) -yohukumu -zohukumu u(XI) -ohukumu see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kohukumu pa(XVI) -pohukumu mu(XVIII) -mohukumu
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Related terms

• hakimu