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hammas

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: hämmas and hammaš

Estonian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *hambas, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źámbas. Doublet of kamm.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈhɑmˑɑs/, [ˈ(h)ɑmˑɑs]
  • Rhymes: -ɑmˑɑs
  • Hyphenation: ham‧mas

Noun

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hammas (genitive hamba, partitive hammast)

  1. tooth (bone formation in the mouth of a person or animal for grabbing and grinding food)
  2. tooth (a protruding sharp point or tab on a tool, machine part, etc.)

Declension

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Declension of hammas (ÕS type 7/kallas, mb-mm gradation)
singular plural
nominative hammas hambad
accusative nom.
gen. hamba
genitive hammaste
partitive hammast hambaid
illative hambasse hammastesse
hambaisse
inessive hambas hammastes
hambais
elative hambast hammastest
hambaist
allative hambale hammastele
hambaile
adessive hambal hammastel
hambail
ablative hambalt hammastelt
hambailt
translative hambaks hammasteks
hambaiks
terminative hambani hammasteni
essive hambana hammastena
abessive hambata hammasteta
comitative hambaga hammastega

Derived terms

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Finnish

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Finnish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia fi

Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *hambas, borrowed from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źámbas (replacing native Uralic pii < *piŋe),[1] from Proto-Indo-European *ǵómbʰos. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *zǫbъ, Lithuanian žam̃bas, Latvian zobs. Doublet of kampa.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈhɑmːɑs/, [ˈhɑ̝mːɑ̝s̠]
  • Rhymes: -ɑmːɑs
  • Hyphenation(key): ham‧mas

Noun

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hammas

  1. tooth (hard, calcareous structure present in the mouth of many vertebrate animals)
    hampaisiin saakka aseistettuarmed to the teeth
    kiristellä hampaitaanto grit one's teeth
    hampaiden oikominenorthodontics
  2. tooth, cog (projection on the edge of a gear)
    hammasratascogwheel
  3. sprocket (tooth of a sprocket wheel)
  4. tooth, sawtooth
    Synonym: sahanhammas
  5. tine, prong, tooth (spike or point on an implement or tool)
    Synonyms: oka, ota, pii, piikki
  6. (botany) tooth, serration (pointed projection from the margin of a leaf)
  7. (as modifier in compound terms) toothed (having teeth)
    hammasvalastoothed whale
  8. (as modifier in compound terms) toothly, dental (of or pertaining to teeth)
    hammasklinikkadental clinic

Declension

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Inflection of hammas (Kotus type 41*H/vieras, mp-mm gradation)
nominative hammas hampaat
genitive hampaan hampaiden
hampaitten
partitive hammasta hampaita
illative hampaaseen hampaisiin
singular plural
nominative hammas hampaat
accusative nom. hammas hampaat
gen. hampaan
genitive hampaan hampaiden
hampaitten
hammasten rare
partitive hammasta hampaita
inessive hampaassa hampaissa
elative hampaasta hampaista
illative hampaaseen hampaisiin
hampaihin rare
adessive hampaalla hampailla
ablative hampaalta hampailta
allative hampaalle hampaille
essive hampaana hampaina
translative hampaaksi hampaiksi
abessive hampaatta hampaitta
instructive hampain
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of hammas (Kotus type 41*H/vieras, mp-mm gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative hampaani hampaani
accusative nom. hampaani hampaani
gen. hampaani
genitive hampaani hampaideni
hampaitteni
hammasteni rare
partitive hammastani hampaitani
inessive hampaassani hampaissani
elative hampaastani hampaistani
illative hampaaseeni hampaisiini
hampaihini rare
adessive hampaallani hampaillani
ablative hampaaltani hampailtani
allative hampaalleni hampailleni
essive hampaanani hampainani
translative hampaakseni hampaikseni
abessive hampaattani hampaittani
instructive
comitative hampaineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative hampaasi hampaasi
accusative nom. hampaasi hampaasi
gen. hampaasi
genitive hampaasi hampaidesi
hampaittesi
hammastesi rare
partitive hammastasi hampaitasi
inessive hampaassasi hampaissasi
elative hampaastasi hampaistasi
illative hampaaseesi hampaisiisi
hampaihisi rare
adessive hampaallasi hampaillasi
ablative hampaaltasi hampailtasi
allative hampaallesi hampaillesi
essive hampaanasi hampainasi
translative hampaaksesi hampaiksesi
abessive hampaattasi hampaittasi
instructive
comitative hampainesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative hampaamme hampaamme
accusative nom. hampaamme hampaamme
gen. hampaamme
genitive hampaamme hampaidemme
hampaittemme
hammastemme rare
partitive hammastamme hampaitamme
inessive hampaassamme hampaissamme
elative hampaastamme hampaistamme
illative hampaaseemme hampaisiimme
hampaihimme rare
adessive hampaallamme hampaillamme
ablative hampaaltamme hampailtamme
allative hampaallemme hampaillemme
essive hampaanamme hampainamme
translative hampaaksemme hampaiksemme
abessive hampaattamme hampaittamme
instructive
comitative hampainemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative hampaanne hampaanne
accusative nom. hampaanne hampaanne
gen. hampaanne
genitive hampaanne hampaidenne
hampaittenne
hammastenne rare
partitive hammastanne hampaitanne
inessive hampaassanne hampaissanne
elative hampaastanne hampaistanne
illative hampaaseenne hampaisiinne
hampaihinne rare
adessive hampaallanne hampaillanne
ablative hampaaltanne hampailtanne
allative hampaallenne hampaillenne
essive hampaananne hampainanne
translative hampaaksenne hampaiksenne
abessive hampaattanne hampaittanne
instructive
comitative hampainenne

Derived terms

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adjectives
nouns
verbs
compounds

References

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  1. ^ Junttila, Santeri, Kallio, Petri, Holopainen, Sampsa, Kuokkala, Juha, Pystynen, Juho, editors (2020–), “hammas”, in Suomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja[1] (in Finnish), retrieved 2024-01-01

Further reading

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Ingrian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *hambas. Cognates include Finnish hammas and Estonian hammas.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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hammas

  1. tooth
    • 1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka[3], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 138:
      Oi-oi, kuin ono hammas kippiä.
      Oh no, how the tooth is aching.

Declension

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Declension of hammas (type 2/patsas, mp-mm gradation)
singular plural
nominative hammas hampaat
genitive hampaan hampain
partitive hammasta, hammast hampaita, hampaja
illative hampaasse hampaisse
inessive hampaas hampais
elative hampaast hampaist
allative hampaalle hampaille
adessive hampaal hampail
ablative hampaalt hampailt
translative hampaaks hampaiks
essive hampaanna, hampaan hampainna, hampain
exessive1) hampaant hampaint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.
Soikkola declension of hammas (type 2/patsas, mp-mm gradation)
singular plural
nominative hammas hampahat,
hampaat
genitive hampahan hampahiin
partitive hammasta hampahia
illative hampahasse hampahisse
inessive hampahaas hampahiis
elative hampahast hampahist
allative hampahalle hampahille
adessive hampahaal hampahiil
ablative hampahalt hampahilt
translative hampahaks hampahiks
essive hampahaan hampahiin
exessive1) hampahant hampahint
1) Obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)

Derived terms

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References

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  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 43
  • Arvo Laanest (1997) Isuri keele Hevaha murde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut, page 30

Karelian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *hambas. Cognates include Finnish hammas and Estonian hammas.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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hammas (genitive hampahan, partitive hammasta)

  1. tooth

Declension

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References

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  • P. M. Zaykov (1999) Грамматика Карельского языка (фонетика и морфология) [Grammar of the Karelian language (phonetics and morphology)], →ISBN, pages 48-49

Võro

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *hambas, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źámbas.

Noun

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hammas (genitive hamba, partitive hammast)

  1. tooth

Declension

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