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gumma

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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Etymology

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Borrowed from New Latin gumma, extended in meaning from Late Latin gumma (“gum, resin”), a late form of cummis, cummi, from Ancient Greek κόμμι (kómmi), of Egyptian origin. Doublet of gum (Etymology 2).

Noun

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

gumma (plural gummas or gummata)

  1. (pathology) a soft, non-cancerous growth, a form of granuloma, resulting from the tertiary stage of syphilis.

Derived terms

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Derived terms

Translations

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Anagrams

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Czech

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈɡuma]
  • Rhymes: -uma
  • Hyphenation: gu‧m‧ma

Etymology 1

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Borrowed from Late Latin gumma (“gum”) (sticky substance from some plants), from Latin gummi (“gum”),[1] from Ancient Greek κόμμι (kómmi, “gum”),[2] probably from Egyptian qmy (“anointing oil”), qmyt (“acanthus resin, gum”).

Noun

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gumma n

  1. (pathology) gumma, a non-cancerous growth resulting from the tertiary stage of syphilis
    Synonym: (obsolete) hlíva
    • 1896, Vítězslav Janovský, “Gumma”, in Ottův slovník naučný‎[1], volume X, Praha: J. Otto, page 617:
      Gumma, hlíva, nazývá se druh novotvaru příjičného, který v podobě uzlů ostře ohraničených se jeví na kůži a ostatních orgánech lidského těla jako pozdní projev příjice […]
      Gumma is a kind of syphilitic growth, which appears on the skin and other human body organs in the form of sharply bordered lumps as a late manifestation of syphilis […]
Declension
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Declension of gumma (ma-stem neuter reducible)
singular plural
nominative gumma gummata
genitive gummatu gummat
dative gummatu gummatům
accusative gumma gummata
vocative gumma gummata
locative gummatu gummatech
instrumental gummatem gummaty

Etymology 2

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From older gummi, from Latin gummi, from Ancient Greek κόμμι (kómmi),[3] probably from Egyptian qmy (“anointing oil”), qmyt (“acanthus resin, gum”).

Noun

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gumma f (related adjective gummový)

  1. (obsolete, singular only) gum, a sticky substance from some plants
    Synonyms: klovatina, guma
    • 1902, “Pegu”, in Ottův slovník naučný‎[2], volume 19, Praha: J. Otto, pages 398–399:
      Tabák, ovoce, surové hedvábí, pryskyřice, gumma atd. dováží se z Číny po ř. Iravadi, […]
      Tobacco, fruit, crude silk, resin, gum etc. are imported from China along the Irrawaddy River, […]
  2. (obsolete, singular only) rubber
    Synonyms: guma, pryž
    • 1902, Josef Pokorný, “Papír”, in Ottův slovník naučný‎[3], volume 19, Praha: J. Otto, pages 172–187:
      […] zpodní válec dostává nyní obyčejně povlak z tvrdé gummy.
      […] now the lower cylinder usually gets a hard rubber coating.
Declension
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Declension of gumma (sg-only hard feminine)
singular
nominative gumma
genitive gummy
dative gummě
accusative gummu
vocative gummo
locative gummě
instrumental gummou

References

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  1. ^ “gumma”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
  2. ^ Diab, Mohammad (1999). "Gumma". Lexicon of Orthopaedic Etymology. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers. p. 140. →ISBN.
  3. ^ Rejzek, Jiří (2015) “guma”, in Český etymologický slovník [Czech Etymological Dictionary] (in Czech), 3rd (revised and expanded) edition, Praha: LEDA, →ISBN, page 209

Further reading

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  • “gumma”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
  • “gumma”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

Swedish

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Swedish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sv

Etymology 1

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From Old Swedish guma of the same meaning.

Noun

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gumma c

  1. (sometimes a little (literary) old-fashioned) an old woman, an old lady
    En rar liten gumma sålde stickade tumvantar på torget
    A sweet little old lady sold knitted mittens at the square
    gubbar och gummor
    old men and women
  2. (colloquial, derogatory) a woman who looks old
  3. (colloquial) an affectionate form of address to a girl or a young woman
    Men lilla gumman, hur gick det? Gör det ont?
    Oh sweetheart, how did it go? Are you hurt?
  4. (derogatory, overbearing) an (adult) woman (who is put in place)
    Men lilla gumman, det är inte så världen fungerar.
    Oh, but sweetheart, that's not how the world works.
  5. (colloquial, dated) wife
    Jag och gumman min drog till Lanzarote.
    Me and my wife jetted off to Lanzarote.
Usage notes
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  • The word to use for (ordinary) old women in fairy tales, for example, though less restricted than that.
  • "Gammal gumma" (old gumma) is a common collocation, implying "old-old" or emphasizing old age.
Declension
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Declension of gumma
nominative genitive
singular indefinite gumma gummas
definite gumman gummans
plural indefinite gummor gummors
definite gummorna gummornas
Derived terms
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See also
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Etymology 2

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From gummi (“rubber”) +‎ -a.

Verb

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gumma (present gummar, preterite gummade, supine gummat, imperative gumma)

  1. (archaic) to cover or otherwise apply with rubber
    Synonym: (modern) gummera
Conjugation
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Conjugation of gumma (weak)
Active Passive
Infinitive gumma gummas
Supine gummat gummats
Imperative gumma —
Imper. plural1 gummen —
Present Past Present Past
Indicative gummar gummade gummas gummades
Ind. plural1 gumma gummade gummas gummades
Subjunctive2 gumme gummade gummes gummades
Participles
Present participle gummande
Past participle gummad
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

References

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