gardar

See also: gårdar and Garðar

Franco-Provençal

Verb

gardar (Old Beaujolais)

1. Alternative form of gouardar (“to guard”)

References

• gardar in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

Galician

Castle of Oeste

Alternative forms

• guardar

Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese gardar, from Early Medieval Latin wardāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡaɾ.ˈdaɾ/

Verb

gardar (first-person singular present gardo, first-person singular preterite gardei, past participle gardado)

1. (transitive) to guard, watch
2. (transitive) to guard, protect
   • 1460, Rui Vasques, Crónica de Santa María de Iria, Santiago: Ediciós do Castro, page 135:

     Et logo comesçou a rreparrar o castello do Est por gardar a terra dos ysmaelitas et normanos, que entrauã porla rria e estragauã toda a terra.

     And then he began to repair the castle of Oeste, to protect the country from the Ismaelites and the Norsemen, who used to enter through the firth, then wasting all the land

3. (transitive) to keep
4. (reflexive) to avoid, to abstain, to keep [with de (+ infinitive) ‘from doing something’]
5. (reflexive) to protect oneself [with de ‘from something’]

Conjugation

    Conjugation of gardar

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	gardar
Personal	gardar	gardares	gardar	gardarmos	gardardes	gardaren
Gerund
	gardando
Past participle
Masculine	gardado			gardados
Feminine	gardada			gardadas
Indicative
Present	gardo	gardas	garda	gardamos	gardades	gardan
Imperfect	gardaba	gardabas	gardaba	gardabamos	gardabades	gardaban
Preterite	gardei	gardaches	gardou	gardamos	gardastes	gardaron
Pluperfect	gardara	gardaras	gardara	gardaramos	gardarades	gardaran
Future	gardarei	gardarás	gardará	gardaremos	gardaredes	gardarán
Conditional	gardaría	gardarías	gardaría	gardariamos	gardariades	gardarían
Subjunctive
Present	garde	gardes	garde	gardemos	gardedes	garden
Imperfect	gardase	gardases	gardase	gardásemos	gardásedes	gardasen
Future	gardar	gardares	gardar	gardarmos	gardardes	gardaren
Imperative
Affirmative		garda	garde	gardemos	gardade	garden
Negative (non)		non gardes	non garde	non gardemos	non gardedes	non garden

    Reintegrated conjugation of gardar (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	gardar
Personal	gardar	gardares	gardar	gardarmos	gardardes	gardarem
Gerund
	gardando
Past participle
Masculine	gardado			gardados
Feminine	gardada			gardadas
Indicative
Present	gardo	gardas	garda	gardamos	gardades, gardais	gardam
Imperfect	gardava	gardavas	gardava	gardávamos	gardávades, gardáveis, gardávais1	gardavam
Preterite	gardei	gardaste, gardache1	gardou	gardamos	gardastes	gardárom, gardaram
Pluperfect	gardara	gardaras	gardara	gardáramos	gardárades, gardáreis, gardárais1	gardaram
Future	gardarei	gardarás	gardará	gardaremos	gardaredes, gardareis	gardarám, gardarão
Conditional	gardaria	gardarias	gardaria	gardaríamos	gardaríades, gardaríeis, gardaríais1	gardariam
Subjunctive
Present	garde	gardes	garde	gardemos	gardedes, gardeis	gardem
Imperfect	gardasse	gardasses	gardasse	gardássemos	gardássedes, gardásseis	gardassem
Future	gardar	gardares	gardar	gardarmos	gardardes	gardarem
Imperative
Affirmative		garda	garde	gardemos	gardade, gardai	gardem
Negative (nom)		nom gardes	nom garde	nom gardemos	nom gardedes, nom gardeis	nom gardem

¹Less recommended.

Derived terms

• agardar
• gardacostas

Related terms

• garda
• gardameta

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “gardar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “gardar”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “gardar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “gardar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “gardar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “gardar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “gardar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²ɡɑːrɑr/

Noun

gardar m

1. indefinite plural of gard

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²ɡɑrdɑr/

Noun

gardar m

1. indefinite plural of garde

Occitan

Etymology

Inherited from Old Occitan g(u)ardar, from Early Medieval Latin wardāre.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

gardar (Languedoc, Vivaro-Alpine)

1. to protect

Conjugation

    Lengadocian (Central Occitan)

		simple			compound
infinitive		gardar			aver gardat
gerund		gardant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		gardat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	gardi	gardas	garda	gardam	gardatz	gardan
	imperfect	gardavi	gardavas	gardava	gardàvem	gardàvetz	gardavan
	preterite	gardèri	gardères	gardèt	gardèrem	gardèretz	gardèron
	future	gardarai	gardaràs	gardarà	gardarem	gardaretz	gardaràn
	conditional	gardariái	gardariás	gardariá	gardariam	gardariatz	gardarián
	conditional 2nd form1	gardèra	gardèras	gardèra	garderam	garderatz	gardèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	garde	gardes	garde	gardem	gardetz	garden
	imperfect	gardèssi	gardèsses	gardèsse	gardèssem	gardèssetz	gardèsson
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			garda		gardem	gardatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Auvernhàs

		simple			compound
infinitive		gardar			aver gardat
gerund		gardant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		gardat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	garde	gardes	garda	gardam	gardatz	gardon
	imperfect	gardave	gardaves	gardava	gardaviam	gardaviatz	gardavon
	preterite	gardere	garderes	gardet	gardem	gardetz	garderon
	future	gardarai	gardaràs	gardará	gardarem	gardaretz	gardarán
	conditional	gardariá	gardariás	gardariá	gardariam	gardariatz	gardarián
	conditional 2nd form1	gardèra	gardèras	gardèra	garderam	garderatz	gardèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	garde	gardes	garde	gardassiam	gardassiatz	gardon
	imperfect	gardesse	gardesses	gardesse	gardessiam	gardessiatz	gardesson
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			garda		gardassiam	gardatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Gascon

		simple			compound
infinitive		gardar			aver gardat
gerund		gardant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		gardat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	gardi	gardas	garda	gardam	gardatz	gardan
	imperfect	gardavi	gardavas	gardava	gardàvam	gardàvatz	gardavan
	preterite	gardèi	gardès	gardè	gardèm	gardètz	gardèn
	future	gardarèi	gardaràs	gardarà	gardaram	gardaratz	gardaràn
	conditional	gardarí	gardarés	gardaré	gardarem	gardaretz	gardarén
	conditional 2nd form1	gardèra	gardèras	gardèra	garderam	garderatz	gardèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	gardi	gardes	garde	gardem	gardetz	garden
	imperfect	gardèssi	gardèsses	gardèsse	gardèssem	gardèssetz	gardèssen
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			garda		gardem	gardatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Lemosin

		simple			compound
infinitive		gardar			aver gardat
gerund		gardant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		gardat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	garde	gardas	garda	gardam	gardatz	gardan
	imperfect	gardava	gardavas	gardava	gardàvam	gardàvatz	gardavan
	preterite	gardei	garderas	gardet	gardèram	gardèratz	garderan
	future	gardarai	gardaràs	gardará	gardarem	gardaretz	gardarán
	conditional	gardariá	gardariàs	gardariá	gardariam	gardariatz	gardarián
	conditional 2nd form1	gardèra	gardèras	gardèra	garderam	garderatz	gardèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	garde	gardes	garde	gardem	gardetz	garden
	imperfect	gardèsse	gardèsses	gardèsse	gardèssem	gardèssetz	gardèssen
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			garda		gardem	gardatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Provençau

		simple			compound
infinitive		gardar			aver gardat
gerund		gardant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		gardat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	garde	gardes	garda	gardam	gardatz	gardan
	imperfect	gardavi	gardavas	gardava	gardàvem	gardàvetz	gardavan
	preterite	gardère	gardères	gardèt	garderiam	garderiatz	gardèron
	future	gardarai	gardaràs	gardarà	gardarem	gardaretz	gardaràn
	conditional	gardariáu	gardariás	gardariá	gardariam	gardariatz	gardarián
	conditional 2nd form1	gardèra	gardèras	gardèra	garderam	garderatz	gardèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	garde	gardes	garde	gardem	gardetz	gardan
	imperfect	gardèsse	gardèsses	gardèsse	gardessiam	gardessiatz	gardèsson
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			garda		gardem	gardatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

Old Galician-Portuguese

Etymology

Inherited from Early Medieval Latin wardāre.

Verb

gardar

1. Alternative form of guardar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of gardar

infinitive		simple		gardar
		compound		infinitive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
gerund		simple		gardando
		compound		gerund of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
past participle				singular		plural
		masculine		gardado		gardados
		feminine		gardada		gardadas
present participle				gardante		gardantes
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative mood		eu ei	tu	el~ele ela vossa mercee	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	eles elas
simple tenses	present	gardo	gardas	garda	gardamos	gardades	gardan
	imperfect	gardava	gardavas	gardava	gardavamos, gardávamos	gardavades, gardávades	gardavan
	preterite	gardei	gardaste, gardasche, gardache	gardou	gardamos	gardastes	gardaron
	pluperfect	gardara	gardaras	gardara	gardaramos, gardáramos	gardarades, gardárades	gardaran
	future	gardarei	gardarás	gardará	gardaremos	gardaredes	gardarán
	conditional	gardaria	gardarias	gardaria	gardariamos, gardaríamos	gardariades, gardaríades	gardarian
compound tenses	present perfect	present of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	present imperfect	imperfect of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	past anterior	preterite of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	pluperfect	simple pluperfect of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	future perfect	future of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
subjunctive mood		eu ei	tu	el~ele ela vossa mercee	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	eles elas
simple tenses	present	garde	gardes	garde	gardemos	gardedes	garden
	preterite	gardasse	gardasses	gardasse	gardássemos	gardássedes	gardassen
	future	gardar	gardares	gardar	gardarmos	gardardes	gardaren
compound tenses	present perfect	present subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	pluperfect	preterite subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	future perfect	future subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
imperative mood		—	tu	vossa mercee	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	—
affirmative		—	garda	garde	gardemos	gardade	—
negative		—	non gardes	non garde	non gardemos	non gardedes	—
personal infinitive		eu ei	tu	el~ele ela vossa mercee	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	eles elas
		gardar	gardares	gardar	gardarmos	gardardes	gardaren
1 Its alternative spelling, aver, can be used as well. 2 teer and ter were used too, though all 3 were less common than forms of "haver".

Further reading

• Universo Cantigas - "guardar ~ gardar"

Old Occitan

Alternative forms

• guardar

Etymology

Inherited from Early Medieval Latin wardāre.

Verb

gardar

1. to protect

Descendants

• Occitan: gardar

References

• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “*wardôn”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 17: Germanismes: S–Z, page 514