farmer

See also: Farmer

English

Etymology

From Middle English fermour (“a steward, bailliff, collector of taxes”), from Old French fermier (“a farmer, a lessee, husbandman, bailliff”), from Medieval Latin firmarius (“one to whom land is rented, a collector of taxes, deputy”), from firma; equivalent to farm +‎ -er. Compare Old English feormere (“a purveyor of a guild, a supplier of food, a grocer, farmer”). More at farm.

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈfɑɹ.mɚ/

  • Audio (US):

    (file)

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈfɑː.mə(ɹ)/

  • Audio (UK):

    (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)mə(ɹ)
• Hyphenation: farm‧er

Noun

farmer (plural farmers)

1. (agent noun) Someone or something that farms, as:
   1. A person who works the land and/or who keeps livestock; anyone engaged in agriculture on a farm.

      Hyponym: (dated) peasant

      • 2012 December 1, “An internet of airborne things”, in The Economist‎^[1], volume 405, number 8813, page 3 (Technology Quarterly):

        A farmer could place an order for a new tractor part by text message and pay for it by mobile money-transfer. A supplier many miles away would then take the part to the local matternet station for airborne dispatch via drone.

   2. (strictly, especially British) More specifically, a farm owner, as distinguished from a farmworker or farmhand as a hired employee thereof.

      Coordinate terms: farmworker, farmhand

2. (historical) One who takes taxes, customs, excise, or other duties, to collect for a certain rate per cent.

   a farmer of the revenues

3. (historical, mining) The lord of the field, or one who farms the lot and cope of the crown.
4. (Singapore, slang) A regular person; someone who did not receive a prestigious scholarship.
5. (dated) A baby farmer (operator of a rural orphanage).

Usage notes

Farmer is probably the last occupational descriptor to have been used as a prefix to a surname in everyday usage: e.g. Farmer Brown. This usage was common until the mid 20th century.

Derived terms

• afternoon farmer
• baby-farmer
• book-farmer
• chicken farmer
• Chinese farmer
• click farmer
• cockatoo farmer
• dairy farmer
• dirt farmer
• farmer cheese
• Farmer City
• farmer-general
• farmer in the dell
• farmer sausage
• fish farmer
• gentleman farmer
• gold farmer
• gong farmer
• marginal farmer
• pig farmer
• Pitt Street farmer
• sheep farmer
• suitcase farmer
• tenant farmer
• truck farmer
• wind farmer

Related terms

• farm
• farmboy
• farmgirl
• farmhand
• farmman
• farmwoman

 

Descendants

• → Kashubian: farmôrz (Canada, United States)
• → Yiddish: פֿאַרמער (farmer)

Translations

person who works the land and/or who keeps livestock

• Afrikaans: boer (af)
• Albanian: dardhan m, arar (sq) m, bujk (sq) m
• Arabic: فَلَّاح m (fallāḥ), فَلَّاحَة f (fallāḥa); مُزَارِع m (muzāriʕ), مُزَارِعَة f (muzāriʕa)

  Egyptian Arabic: فلاح m (fallāḥ), فلاحة f (fallāḥa)

  Moroccan Arabic: فلاح m (fallāḥ), فلاحة f (fallāḥa)

• Armenian: ֆերմեր (hy) (fermer)
• Assamese: খেতিয়ক (khetik)
• Asturian: granxeru m, granxera f, xardu (ast) m, xarda (ast) f
• Azerbaijani: fermer (az), kəndli (az)
• Bashkir: фермер (fermer)
• Basque: nekazari (eu), baserritar (eu)
• Belarusian: фе́рмер m (fjérmjer), фе́рмерка f (fjérmjerka), селя́нін m (sjeljánin), селя́нка f (sjeljánka)
• Bengali: কৃষক (bn) (kriśok)
• Bikol Central: parauma (bcl)
• Breton: merour (br), labourer-douar (br)
• Bulgarian: фе́рмер m (férmer), фе́рмерка f (férmerka), земеде́лец m (zemedélec), земеде́лка f (zemedélka)
• Burmese: လယ်သမား (my) (laisa.ma:), တောင်သူ (my) (taungsu)
• Buryat: таряашан (tarjaašan)
• Catalan: granger m
• Cebuano: mag-uuma
• Chamorro: lancheru
• Chechen: ахархо (axarxo)
• Cherokee: ᏗᎦᎶᎩᏍᎩ (digalogisgi)
• Cheyenne: énano'éve'ho'e
• Chichewa: mlimi
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 農夫／农夫 (nung⁴ fu¹), 農民／农民 (nung⁴ man⁴)

  Eastern Min: 農民／农民 (nùng-mìng)

  Hokkien: 農民／农民 (zh-min-nan) (lông-bîn), 作穡人／作穑人 (zh-min-nan) (chò-sit-lâng), 作田人 (zh-min-nan) (chó-chhân-lâng), 農夫／农夫 (lông-hu)

  Jin: 農民／农民 (neng¹ ming¹)

  Mandarin: 農夫／农夫 (zh) (nóngfū), 農民／农民 (zh) (nóngmín)

  Wu: 農夫／农夫 (⁶non-fu), 農民／农民 (⁶non-min)

• Cornish: tyak m
• Czech: rolník (cs) m, rolnice f, sedlák (cs) m, selka f, sedlačka f, zemědělec (cs) m, zemědělka (cs) f, zemědělkyně (cs) f, farmář (cs) m, farmářka (cs) f
• Danish: landmand (da) c, bonde (da) c, gårdmand (da) c
• Dutch: boer (nl) m, boerin (nl) f, landbouwer (nl) m (crops), veehouder (nl) m (livestock)
• Egyptian: (sḫtj)
• Esperanto: farmisto
• Estonian: talunik, farmer (et)
• Ewe: agbledela n (crops), lãnyila n (livestock)
• Faroese: bóndi m
• Finnish: maanviljelijä (fi), viljelijä (fi), talonpoika (fi), farmari (fi), maajussi (fi), jyväjemmari (fi)
• French: agriculteur (fr) m, fermier (fr) m (dated), agricultrice (fr) f, fermière (fr) f, cultivateur (fr) m, cultivatrice (fr) f
• Galician: granxeiro (gl) m
• Georgian: ფერმერი (permeri), მიწათმოქმედი (mic̣atmokmedi), მხვნელ-მთესველი (mxvnel-mtesveli), მესაქონლე (mesakonle)
• German: Landwirt (de) m, Landwirtin (de) f; (crops) Bauer (de) m, Bäuerin (de) f; Farmer (de) m, Farmerin (de) f; (livestock, plants) Züchter (de) m, Züchterin (de) f, Landmann (de) m, Landfrau (de) f

  Alemannic German: Puur m

• Greek: αγρότης (el) m (agrótis), γεωργός (el) m or f (georgós), κτηνοτρόφος (el) m (ktinotrófos), γεωργοκτηνοτρόφος (el) m or f (georgoktinotrófos), αγρότισσα (el) f (agrótissa)

  Ancient: γεωργός m (geōrgós)

• Hebrew: אִכָּר / איכר (he) m (ikár), אִכָּרָה / איכרה f (ikará)
• Hindi: किसान (hi) m (kisān)
• Hungarian: (host/landowner) gazda (hu), (agriculturalist) mezőgazdász (hu), (smallholder) gazdálkodó (hu), (tiller/earthworker) földműves (hu), (land cultivator) földművelő (hu), (grower) termelő (hu), (peasant) paraszt (hu), (animal-raiser) állattenyésztő (hu), (plant-grower) növénytermesztő (hu)
• Icelandic: bóndi (is) m
• Indonesian: petani (id) (crops), peternak (id) (livestock)
• Ingrian: maamees, talonpoika
• Interlingua: fermero
• Irish: feirmeoir (ga) m
• Italian: agricoltore (it) m, fattore (it) m, contadino (it) m, contadina (it) f, agricoltrice f, fattoressa f
• Japanese: 農夫 (ja) (のうふ, nōfu), 農家 (ja) (のうか, nōka)
• Kalmyk: крестьянин (krestʹyanin), тәрә тәрәч (tärä täräç)
• Kazakh: фермер (fermer), диқан (diqan), шаруа (şarua)
• Khakas: кресен (kresen)
• Khmer: អ្នកស្រែ (nĕək srae), អ្នកចំការ (nĕək cɑmkaa), កសិករ (km) (kaʼsekɑɑ)
• Kikuyu: mũrĩmi class 1
• Korean: 농부(農夫) (ko) (nongbu), 농사꾼 (nongsakkun)
• Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish: جوتیار (cutyar)

  Northern Kurdish: cotkar (ku) m, cotyar (ku) m

• Kyrgyz: фермер (ky) (fermer), дыйкан (ky) (dıykan)
• Lao: ຊາວນາ (sāo nā)
• Latin: agricola (la) m
• Latvian: saimnieks m, saimniece f, lauksaimnieks m, lauksaimniece f
• Lithuanian: ūkininkas m, ūkininkė f
• Low German:

  Dutch Low Saxon: boer (nds) m

• Macedonian: земјо́делец m (zemjódelec), земјоделка f (zemjodelka), полјо́делец m (poljódelec), полјоделка f (poljodelka), фа́рмер m (fármer), фармерка f (farmerka), чи́флигар m (čífligar), чифлигарка f (čifligarka)
• Malay: petani (ms), pesawah, pekebun (fruit, vegetable, etc, farm), peladang (big scale), penternak (poultry, livestock, fish)

  Jawi: ڤکبون (pekebun) (fruit, vegetable, etc, farm), ڤلادڠ (peladang) (big scale), ڤنترنق (penternak) (poultry, livestock, fish)

• Malayalam: കൃഷിക്കാരന് (kr̥ṣikkāraṉ), കർഷകന് (kaṟṣakaṉ)
• Maltese: bidwi m, bidwija f
• Manchu: ᡠᠰᡳᠰᡳ (usisi), ᡠᠰᡳᠨ ᡳ
  ᠨᡳᠶ᠋ᠠᠯᠮᠠ (usin-i niyalma)
• Maori: kaipāmu, kaimahi pāmu
• Marathi: शेतकरी m (śetakrī)
• Mòcheno: pauer m
• Mongolian:

  Classical Mongolian: ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ
  ᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ (tariyalang-un er-e)

  Cyrillic: фермер (mn) (fermer), тариачин (mn) (tariačin)

  Mongolian: ᠹᠧᠷᠮᠧᠷ (fērmēr), ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠨ (tariyačin)

• Navajo: kʼééʼdidléhé
• Ngazidja Comorian: mlimadji class 1/2
• Norman: fèrmyi m
• North Frisian: böre m
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: bonde (no) m, gårdbruker m, gardbruker m

  Nynorsk: bonde m, gardbrukar m

• Occitan: borièr (oc) m, bordièr (oc) m
• Ojibwe: (male) gitigewinini, (female) gitigewikwe
• Old English: eorþling m, landbūend m, ġebūr m,, æcerċeorl m, æcermann m
• Ottoman Turkish: چفتجی (çiftci), دهقان (dihkân)
• Pashto: بزګر m (bazgar), دهقان m (dehqān), کسان m (kasān)
• Persian:

  Classical Persian: کِشَاوَرْز (fa) (kišāwarz), دِهْقَان (fa) (dihqān), بَرْزْگَر (fa) (barzgar)

  Iranian Persian: کِشاوَرْز (fa) (kešâvarz), دِهْقان (fa) (dehğân), بَرْزْگَر (fa) (barzgar)

• Plautdietsch: Bua m, Akamaun m
• Polish: rolnik (pl) m, rolniczka f, farmer (pl) m (colloquially), farmerka f (colloquially), włościanin m, włościanka f
• Portuguese: agricultor (pt) m, fazendeiro (pt) m (Brazil), farmeiro m (Mozambique)
• Romagnol: cuntadén m, cuntadéna f
• Romanian: fermier (ro) m, fermieră (ro) f
• Russian: крестья́нин (ru) m (krestʹjánin), фе́рмер (ru) m (férmer), земледе́лец (ru) m (zemledélec), дехка́нин (ru) m (dɛxkánin) (Central Asia or Iran)
• Scots: fermer
• Scottish Gaelic: tuathanach m
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: земљоделац m, земљо̀ра̄днӣк m, пољопрѝвреднӣк m

  Roman: zemljodelac (sh) m, zemljòrādnīk (sh) m, poljoprìvrednīk (sh) m

• Sinhalese: ගමරාළ (gamarāḷa)
• Slovak: roľník m, roľníčka f, sedliak m, sedliačka f, poľnohospodár m, poľnohospodárka f, farmár (sk) m, farmárka f
• Slovene: kmet (sl) m, kmetica f
• Sotho: molemi
• Southern Altai: фермер (fermer)
• Spanish: granjero (es) m, granjera (es) f
• Swahili: mkulima (sw) class 1/2
• Swedish: bonde (sv) c
• Tagalog: magsasaka
• Tajik: кишоварз (tg) (kišovarz), деҳқон (tg) (dehqon)
• Tamil: விவசாயி (ta) (vivacāyi), உழவன் (ta) (uḻavaṉ)
• Tatar: фермер (fermer), игенче (tt) (igençe)
• Telugu: కర్షకుడు (te) (karṣakuḍu), రైతు (te) (raitu)
• Thai: กสิกร (th) (gà-sì-gɔɔn), เกษตรกร (th) (gà-sèet-dtrà-gɔɔn), ชาวนา (th) (chaao-naa), ชาวไร่ (chaao-râi), ชาวสวน (chaao-sǔuan)
• Tibetan: ཞིང་པ (zhing pa)
• Turkish: ziraatçı (tr), çiftçi (tr), ekinci (tr) (dialectal)
• Turkmen: daýhan
• Tuvan: тараачын (taraaçın), чер ажылдыг кижи (çer ajıldıg kiji)
• Ukrainian: фе́рмер m (férmer), фе́рмерка f (férmerka), селя́нин (uk) m (seljányn), селя́нка f (seljánka), селяни́ця f (seljanýcja), землеро́б m (zemlerób), землеро́бка f (zemleróbka)
• Urdu: کِسان m (kisān), دِہْقان m (dihqān), دَہْقان m (dahqān)
• Uyghur: دېھقان (dëhqan)
• Uzbek: fermer (uz), dehqon (uz)
• Vietnamese: nông dân (vi) (農民)
• Volapük: (♂♀) farman (vo), (♂) hifarman, (♀) jifarman
• Walloon: cinsî (wa) m, cinsresse (wa) f
• Welsh: amaethwr (cy) m, ffermwr (cy) m, hwsmon m
• Yakut: бааһынай (baahınay), фермер (fermer), сир оҥорооччу (sir oñorooccu)
• Yiddish: פֿאַרמער m (farmer), פֿאַרמערין f (farmerin); ערדאַרבעטער m (erdarbeter); פּויער m (poyer)
• Zazaki: resber
• Zhuang: nungzminz, vunzguhnaz, bouxguhnaz

Anagrams

• framer

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈfɒrmɛr]
• Hyphenation: far‧mer
• Rhymes: -ɛr

Etymology 1

From the German Farmer, from the French fermier (“farmer”), from the Old French ferme (“farm, rental”), from the Medieval Latin ferma, firma (“rent, tribute, food, feast”), from Old English feorm (“rent, provisions, supplies, feast”). More at farm.

Noun

farmer (plural farmerek)

1. farmer

   Synonyms: (host/landowner) gazda, (agriculturalist) mezőgazdász, (smallholder) gazdálkodó, (tiller/earthworker) földműves, (land cultivator) földművelő, (grower) termelő, (peasant) paraszt, (animal-raiser) állattenyésztő, (plant-grower) növénytermesztő

Declension

Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	farmer	farmerek
accusative	farmert	farmereket
dative	farmernek	farmereknek
instrumental	farmerrel	farmerekkel
causal-final	farmerért	farmerekért
translative	farmerré	farmerekké
terminative	farmerig	farmerekig
essive-formal	farmerként	farmerekként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	farmerben	farmerekben
superessive	farmeren	farmereken
adessive	farmernél	farmereknél
illative	farmerbe	farmerekbe
sublative	farmerre	farmerekre
allative	farmerhez	farmerekhez
elative	farmerből	farmerekből
delative	farmerről	farmerekről
ablative	farmertől	farmerektől
non-attributive possessive - singular	farmeré	farmereké
non-attributive possessive - plural	farmeréi	farmerekéi

Possessive forms of farmer
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	farmerem	farmereim
2nd person sing.	farmered	farmereid
3rd person sing.	farmere	farmerei
1st person plural	farmerünk	farmereink
2nd person plural	farmeretek	farmereitek
3rd person plural	farmerük	farmereik

Etymology 2

Ellipsis of farmeröltözet (“denim clothes”) or farmernadrág (“denim jeans”).

Adjective

farmer (not comparable)

1. (made of) denim

Declension

Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	farmer	farmerek
accusative	farmert	farmereket
dative	farmernek	farmereknek
instrumental	farmerrel	farmerekkel
causal-final	farmerért	farmerekért
translative	farmerré	farmerekké
terminative	farmerig	farmerekig
essive-formal	farmerként	farmerekként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	farmerben	farmerekben
superessive	farmeren	farmereken
adessive	farmernél	farmereknél
illative	farmerbe	farmerekbe
sublative	farmerre	farmerekre
allative	farmerhez	farmerekhez
elative	farmerből	farmerekből
delative	farmerről	farmerekről
ablative	farmertől	farmerektől
non-attributive possessive - singular	farmeré	farmereké
non-attributive possessive - plural	farmeréi	farmerekéi

Noun

farmer (plural farmerek)

1. (a pair of) blue jeans

Declension

Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	farmer	farmerek
accusative	farmert	farmereket
dative	farmernek	farmereknek
instrumental	farmerrel	farmerekkel
causal-final	farmerért	farmerekért
translative	farmerré	farmerekké
terminative	farmerig	farmerekig
essive-formal	farmerként	farmerekként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	farmerben	farmerekben
superessive	farmeren	farmereken
adessive	farmernél	farmereknél
illative	farmerbe	farmerekbe
sublative	farmerre	farmerekre
allative	farmerhez	farmerekhez
elative	farmerből	farmerekből
delative	farmerről	farmerekről
ablative	farmertől	farmerektől
non-attributive possessive - singular	farmeré	farmereké
non-attributive possessive - plural	farmeréi	farmerekéi

Possessive forms of farmer
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	farmerem	farmereim
2nd person sing.	farmered	farmereid
3rd person sing.	farmere	farmerei
1st person plural	farmerünk	farmereink
2nd person plural	farmeretek	farmereitek
3rd person plural	farmerük	farmereik

Derived terms

Compound words

• farmernadrág

 

Further reading

• (landowner, farmer): farmer in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
• (landowner; jeans; denim): farmer in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from English farmer, from Middle English fermor, fermer, fermour, partly from Old French fermier, from Medieval Latin firmārius, from Latin firma; and partly from Old English feormere, from feormian.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfar.mɛr/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -armɛr
• Syllabification: far‧mer

Noun

farmer m pers (female equivalent farmerka)

1. (agriculture) farmer (person who works the land and/or who keeps livestock)

   Synonym: rolnik

Declension

Declension of farmer

	singular	plural
nominative	farmer	farmerzy/farmery (deprecative)
genitive	farmera	farmerów
dative	farmerowi	farmerom
accusative	farmera	farmerów
instrumental	farmerem	farmerami
locative	farmerze	farmerach
vocative	farmerze	farmerzy

Derived terms

adjective

• farmerski

 

noun

• farmerstwo

 

Further reading

• farmer in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• farmer in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fârmer/
• Hyphenation: far‧mer

Noun

fȁrmer m (Cyrillic spelling фа̏рмер)

1. farmer

Declension

Declension of farmer

	singular	plural
nominative	farmer	farmeri
genitive	farmera	farmera
dative	farmeru	farmerima
accusative	farmera	farmere
vocative	farmeru	farmeri
locative	farmeru	farmerima
instrumental	farmerom	farmerima