exacerbar

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin exacerbāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [əɡ.zə.sərˈba]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [eɡ.za.seɾˈbaɾ]

Verb

exacerbar (first-person singular present exacerbo, first-person singular preterite exacerbí, past participle exacerbat); root stress: (Central, Valencia, Balearic) /e/

1. (transitive) to exacerbate

Conjugation

    Conjugation of exacerbar (first conjugation)

infinitive			exacerbar
gerund			exacerbant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		exacerbat		exacerbada
		plural		exacerbats		exacerbades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	exacerbo	exacerbes	exacerba	exacerbem	exacerbeu	exacerben
	imperfect	exacerbava	exacerbaves	exacerbava	exacerbàvem	exacerbàveu	exacerbaven
	future	exacerbaré	exacerbaràs	exacerbarà	exacerbarem	exacerbareu	exacerbaran
	preterite	exacerbí	exacerbares	exacerbà	exacerbàrem	exacerbàreu	exacerbaren
	conditional	exacerbaria	exacerbaries	exacerbaria	exacerbaríem	exacerbaríeu	exacerbarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	exacerbi	exacerbis	exacerbi	exacerbem	exacerbeu	exacerbin
	imperfect	exacerbés	exacerbessis	exacerbés	exacerbéssim	exacerbéssiu	exacerbessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	exacerba	exacerbi	exacerbem	exacerbeu	exacerbin
	negative (no)	—	no exacerbis	no exacerbi	no exacerbem	no exacerbeu	no exacerbin

Further reading

• “exacerbar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “exacerbar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “exacerbar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “exacerbar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Galician

Etymology

From Latin exacerbō.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /eksaθeɾˈbaɾ/ [ek.s̺a.θeɾˈβ̞aɾ]

• IPA^(key): (standard) /eksaθeɾˈbaɾ/ [ek.s̺a.θeɾˈβ̞aɾ]
• IPA^(key): (seseo) /eksaseɾˈbaɾ/ [ek.sa.seɾˈβ̞aɾ]

• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Hyphenation: e‧xa‧cer‧bar

Verb

exacerbar (first-person singular present exacerbo, first-person singular preterite exacerbei, past participle exacerbado)

1. to exacerbate

Conjugation

    Conjugation of exacerbar

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	exacerbar
Personal	exacerbar	exacerbares	exacerbar	exacerbarmos	exacerbardes	exacerbaren
Gerund
	exacerbando
Past participle
Masculine	exacerbado			exacerbados
Feminine	exacerbada			exacerbadas
Indicative
Present	exacerbo	exacerbas	exacerba	exacerbamos	exacerbades	exacerban
Imperfect	exacerbaba	exacerbabas	exacerbaba	exacerbabamos	exacerbabades	exacerbaban
Preterite	exacerbei	exacerbaches	exacerbou	exacerbamos	exacerbastes	exacerbaron
Pluperfect	exacerbara	exacerbaras	exacerbara	exacerbaramos	exacerbarades	exacerbaran
Future	exacerbarei	exacerbarás	exacerbará	exacerbaremos	exacerbaredes	exacerbarán
Conditional	exacerbaría	exacerbarías	exacerbaría	exacerbariamos	exacerbariades	exacerbarían
Subjunctive
Present	exacerbe	exacerbes	exacerbe	exacerbemos	exacerbedes	exacerben
Imperfect	exacerbase	exacerbases	exacerbase	exacerbásemos	exacerbásedes	exacerbasen
Future	exacerbar	exacerbares	exacerbar	exacerbarmos	exacerbardes	exacerbaren
Imperative
Affirmative		exacerba	exacerbe	exacerbemos	exacerbade	exacerben
Negative (non)		non exacerbes	non exacerbe	non exacerbemos	non exacerbedes	non exacerben

    Reintegrated conjugation of exacerbar (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	exacerbar
Personal	exacerbar	exacerbares	exacerbar	exacerbarmos	exacerbardes	exacerbarem
Gerund
	exacerbando
Past participle
Masculine	exacerbado			exacerbados
Feminine	exacerbada			exacerbadas
Indicative
Present	exacerbo	exacerbas	exacerba	exacerbamos	exacerbades, exacerbais	exacerbam
Imperfect	exacerbava	exacerbavas	exacerbava	exacerbávamos	exacerbávades, exacerbáveis, exacerbávais1	exacerbavam
Preterite	exacerbei	exacerbaste, exacerbache1	exacerbou	exacerbamos	exacerbastes	exacerbárom, exacerbaram
Pluperfect	exacerbara	exacerbaras	exacerbara	exacerbáramos	exacerbárades, exacerbáreis, exacerbárais1	exacerbaram
Future	exacerbarei	exacerbarás	exacerbará	exacerbaremos	exacerbaredes, exacerbareis	exacerbarám, exacerbarão
Conditional	exacerbaria	exacerbarias	exacerbaria	exacerbaríamos	exacerbaríades, exacerbaríeis, exacerbaríais1	exacerbariam
Subjunctive
Present	exacerbe	exacerbes	exacerbe	exacerbemos	exacerbedes, exacerbeis	exacerbem
Imperfect	exacerbasse	exacerbasses	exacerbasse	exacerbássemos	exacerbássedes, exacerbásseis	exacerbassem
Future	exacerbar	exacerbares	exacerbar	exacerbarmos	exacerbardes	exacerbarem
Imperative
Affirmative		exacerba	exacerbe	exacerbemos	exacerbade, exacerbai	exacerbem
Negative (nom)		nom exacerbes	nom exacerbe	nom exacerbemos	nom exacerbedes, nom exacerbeis	nom exacerbem

¹Less recommended.

Further reading

• “exacerbar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024
• “exacerbar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).

Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin exacerbāre.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /e.za.seʁˈba(ʁ)/ [e.za.seɦˈba(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /e.za.seʁˈba(ʁ)/ [e.za.seɦˈba(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /e.za.seɾˈba(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /e.za.seʁˈba(ʁ)/ [e.za.seʁˈba(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /e.za.seɻˈba(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /i.zɐ.sɨɾˈbaɾ/ [i.zɐ.sɨɾˈβaɾ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /i.zɐ.sɨɾˈbaɾ/ [i.zɐ.sɨɾˈβaɾ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /i.zɐ.sɨɾˈba.ɾi/ [i.zɐ.sɨɾˈβa.ɾi]

• Hyphenation: e‧xa‧cer‧bar

Verb

exacerbar (first-person singular present exacerbo, first-person singular preterite exacerbei, past participle exacerbado)

1. to exacerbate

Conjugation

    Conjugation of exacerbar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	exacerbar
Personal	exacerbar	exacerbares	exacerbar	exacerbarmos	exacerbardes	exacerbarem
Gerund
	exacerbando
Past participle
Masculine	exacerbado			exacerbados
Feminine	exacerbada			exacerbadas
Indicative
Present	exacerbo	exacerbas	exacerba	exacerbamos	exacerbais	exacerbam
Imperfect	exacerbava	exacerbavas	exacerbava	exacerbávamos	exacerbáveis	exacerbavam
Preterite	exacerbei	exacerbaste	exacerbou	exacerbamos1, exacerbámos2	exacerbastes	exacerbaram
Pluperfect	exacerbara	exacerbaras	exacerbara	exacerbáramos	exacerbáreis	exacerbaram
Future	exacerbarei	exacerbarás	exacerbará	exacerbaremos	exacerbareis	exacerbarão
Conditional	exacerbaria	exacerbarias	exacerbaria	exacerbaríamos	exacerbaríeis	exacerbariam
Subjunctive
Present	exacerbe	exacerbes	exacerbe	exacerbemos	exacerbeis	exacerbem
Imperfect	exacerbasse	exacerbasses	exacerbasse	exacerbássemos	exacerbásseis	exacerbassem
Future	exacerbar	exacerbares	exacerbar	exacerbarmos	exacerbardes	exacerbarem
Imperative
Affirmative		exacerba	exacerbe	exacerbemos	exacerbai	exacerbem
Negative (não)		não exacerbes	não exacerbe	não exacerbemos	não exacerbeis	não exacerbem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Further reading

• “exacerbar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin exacerbāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Spain) /eɡsaθeɾˈbaɾ/ [eɣ̞.sa.θeɾˈβ̞aɾ]
• IPA^(key): (Latin America, Philippines) /eɡsaseɾˈbaɾ/ [eɣ̞.sa.seɾˈβ̞aɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: e‧xa‧cer‧bar

Verb

exacerbar (first-person singular present exacerbo, first-person singular preterite exacerbé, past participle exacerbado)

1. to exacerbate

Conjugation

    Conjugation of exacerbar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			exacerbar
gerund			exacerbando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		exacerbado		exacerbada
		plural		exacerbados		exacerbadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	exacerbo	exacerbastú exacerbásvos	exacerba	exacerbamos	exacerbáis	exacerban
	imperfect	exacerbaba	exacerbabas	exacerbaba	exacerbábamos	exacerbabais	exacerbaban
	preterite	exacerbé	exacerbaste	exacerbó	exacerbamos	exacerbasteis	exacerbaron
	future	exacerbaré	exacerbarás	exacerbará	exacerbaremos	exacerbaréis	exacerbarán
	conditional	exacerbaría	exacerbarías	exacerbaría	exacerbaríamos	exacerbaríais	exacerbarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	exacerbe	exacerbestú exacerbésvos2	exacerbe	exacerbemos	exacerbéis	exacerben
	imperfect (ra)	exacerbara	exacerbaras	exacerbara	exacerbáramos	exacerbarais	exacerbaran
	imperfect (se)	exacerbase	exacerbases	exacerbase	exacerbásemos	exacerbaseis	exacerbasen
	future1	exacerbare	exacerbares	exacerbare	exacerbáremos	exacerbareis	exacerbaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		exacerbatú exacerbávos	exacerbe	exacerbemos	exacerbad	exacerben
	negative		no exacerbes	no exacerbe	no exacerbemos	no exacerbéis	no exacerben

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of exacerbar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive exacerbar
	dative	exacerbarme	exacerbarte	exacerbarle, exacerbarse	exacerbarnos	exacerbaros	exacerbarles, exacerbarse
	accusative	exacerbarme	exacerbarte	exacerbarlo, exacerbarla, exacerbarse	exacerbarnos	exacerbaros	exacerbarlos, exacerbarlas, exacerbarse
with gerund exacerbando
	dative	exacerbándome	exacerbándote	exacerbándole, exacerbándose	exacerbándonos	exacerbándoos	exacerbándoles, exacerbándose
	accusative	exacerbándome	exacerbándote	exacerbándolo, exacerbándola, exacerbándose	exacerbándonos	exacerbándoos	exacerbándolos, exacerbándolas, exacerbándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative exacerba
	dative	exacérbame	exacérbate	exacérbale	exacérbanos	not used	exacérbales
	accusative	exacérbame	exacérbate	exacérbalo, exacérbala	exacérbanos	not used	exacérbalos, exacérbalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative exacerbá
	dative	exacerbame	exacerbate	exacerbale	exacerbanos	not used	exacerbales
	accusative	exacerbame	exacerbate	exacerbalo, exacerbala	exacerbanos	not used	exacerbalos, exacerbalas
with formal second-person singular imperative exacerbe
	dative	exacérbeme	not used	exacérbele, exacérbese	exacérbenos	not used	exacérbeles
	accusative	exacérbeme	not used	exacérbelo, exacérbela, exacérbese	exacérbenos	not used	exacérbelos, exacérbelas
with first-person plural imperative exacerbemos
	dative	not used	exacerbémoste	exacerbémosle	exacerbémonos	exacerbémoos	exacerbémosles
	accusative	not used	exacerbémoste	exacerbémoslo, exacerbémosla	exacerbémonos	exacerbémoos	exacerbémoslos, exacerbémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative exacerbad
	dative	exacerbadme	not used	exacerbadle	exacerbadnos	exacerbaos	exacerbadles
	accusative	exacerbadme	not used	exacerbadlo, exacerbadla	exacerbadnos	exacerbaos	exacerbadlos, exacerbadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative exacerben
	dative	exacérbenme	not used	exacérbenle	exacérbennos	not used	exacérbenles, exacérbense
	accusative	exacérbenme	not used	exacérbenlo, exacérbenla	exacérbennos	not used	exacérbenlos, exacérbenlas, exacérbense

Further reading

• “exacerbar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28