estremecer
Galician
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Galician-Portuguese estremecer (13th century, Alfonso X the Wise), from es- + Latin tremēscō (“I begin to tremble, shake”), from tremō (“I shake, tremble”) + -ēscō.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]estremecer (first-person singular present estremezo, first-person singular preterite estremecín, past participle estremecido)
estremecer (first-person singular present estremeço, first-person singular preterite estremecim or estremeci, past participle estremecido, reintegrationist norm)
- (intransitive or pronominal) to shake, tremble
- 1370, Ramón Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 506:
- os caualos fazíã tã grã rroýdo per u ýam que a terra estremeçía so seus pees
- the horses made such a large uproar wherever they go that the ground trembled under their feet
- 1885, V.P., Un conto:
- contestoulle ela, estemorecéndose como a folliña no álbore, cando a empuxa o nordés
- she said, trembling as the little leaf on the tree, when the north-easterly wind pushes it
- (intransitive or pronominal) to shiver
Conjugation
[edit] Conjugation of estremecer (c-z alternation)
Reintegrated conjugation of estremecer (c-ç alternation) (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)
1Less recommended.
References
[edit]- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “estremecer”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “estreme”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “estremecer”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- “estremecer”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “estremecer”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “estremecer”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
Portuguese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From es- + Latin tremēscere (“to begin to tremble, to shake”), from tremō (“to shake, to tremble”) + -ēscō, from Proto-Indo-European *trem- (“tremble”).
Pronunciation
[edit]
Verb
[edit]estremecer (first-person singular present estremeço, first-person singular preterite estremeci, past participle estremecido)
- to cause to shake
- Synonyms: abalar, balançar, chacoalhar, sacudir
- O terramoto estremeceu o prédio.
- The earthquake shook the building.
- to shake; to tremble
- Synonym: tremer
- O prédio estremeceu devido ao terramoto.
- The building shook due to the earthquake.
- to shiver
- Estremeciamos no frio.
- We were shivering in the cold.
- to terrify; to send shivers down someone's spine
- Synonyms: amedrontar, apavorar, aterrorizar
Conjugation
[edit] Conjugation of estremecer (c-ç alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
Spanish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From ex- (“out of”) + tremiscere (“to start shaking”), from Latin tremō, whence English tremble and tremor.
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): (Spain) /estɾemeˈθeɾ/ [es.t̪ɾe.meˈθeɾ]
- IPA(key): (Latin America, Philippines) /estɾemeˈseɾ/ [es.t̪ɾe.meˈseɾ]
- Rhymes: -eɾ
- Syllabification: es‧tre‧me‧cer
Verb
[edit]estremecer (first-person singular present estremezco, first-person singular preterite estremecí, past participle estremecido)
- (transitive) to shake, make tremble, make shudder
- (transitive) to thrill
- (reflexive) to shudder, to flinch
Conjugation
[edit] Conjugation of estremecer (c-zc alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
Selected combined forms of estremecer (c-zc alternation)
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
Derived terms
[edit]- estremecedor
- estremecimiento
- estremezón (“shake; shiver, shivering”) (Colombia, Venezuela); ("tremor") (Andalusia, Caribbean)
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “estremecer”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
Categories:
- Galician terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Galician terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Galician terms prefixed with es-
- Galician terms derived from Latin
- Galician terms with IPA pronunciation
- Galician lemmas
- Galician verbs
- Galician verbs ending in -er
- Galician verbs with c-z alternation
- Galician verbs with c-ç alternation
- Galician intransitive verbs
- Galician terms with quotations
- Portuguese terms prefixed with es-
- Portuguese terms derived from Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Portuguese 4-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese 5-syllable words
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese verbs
- Portuguese verbs ending in -er
- Portuguese verbs with c-ç alternation
- Portuguese terms with usage examples
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish 4-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/eɾ
- Rhymes:Spanish/eɾ/4 syllables
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish verbs
- Spanish verbs ending in -er
- Spanish verbs with c-zc alternation
- Spanish transitive verbs
- Spanish reflexive verbs