dhulumu

Swahili

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic [Term?].

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-dhulumu (infinitive kudhulumu)

1. to oppress
2. to treat unjustly

Conjugation

Conjugation of -dhulumu
Positive present -nadhulumu Subjunctive -dhulumu Negative -dhulumu Imperative singular dhulumu
Infinitives
Positive kudhulumu Negative kutodhulumu
Imperatives
Singular dhulumu Plural dhulumuni
Tensed forms
Habitual hudhulumu Positive past positive subject concord + -lidhulumu Negative past negative subject concord + -kudhulumu
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nadhulumu) Singular Plural 1st person ninadhulumu/nadhulumu tunadhulumu 2nd person unadhulumu mnadhulumu 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anadhulumu wanadhulumu other classes positive subject concord + -nadhulumu
Negative present (negative subject concord + -dhulumu) Singular Plural 1st person sidhulumu hatudhulumu 2nd person hudhulumu hamdhulumu 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hadhulumu hawadhulumu other classes negative subject concord + -dhulumu
Positive future positive subject concord + -tadhulumu Negative future negative subject concord + -tadhulumu
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -dhulumu) Singular Plural 1st person nidhulumu tudhulumu 2nd person udhulumu mdhulumu 3rd person m-wa(I/II) adhulumu wadhulumu other classes positive subject concord + -dhulumu
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sidhulumu Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngedhulumu Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singedhulumu Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalidhulumu Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalidhulumu
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -adhulumu) Singular Plural 1st person nadhulumu twadhulumu 2nd person wadhulumu mwadhulumu 3rd person m-wa(I/II) adhulumu wadhulumu m-mi(III/IV) wadhulumu yadhulumu ji-ma(V/VI) ladhulumu yadhulumu ki-vi(VII/VIII) chadhulumu vyadhulumu n(IX/X) yadhulumu zadhulumu u(XI) wadhulumu see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwadhulumu pa(XVI) padhulumu mu(XVIII) mwadhulumu
Perfect positive subject concord + -medhulumu "Already" positive subject concord + -meshadhulumu "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jadhulumu "If/When" positive subject concord + -kidhulumu "If not" positive subject concord + -sipodhulumu Consecutive kadhulumu / positive subject concord + -kadhulumu Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kadhulumu
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nidhulumu -tudhulumu 2nd person -kudhulumu -wadhulumu/-kudhulumuni/-wadhulumuni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mdhulumu -wadhulumu m-mi(III/IV) -udhulumu -idhulumu ji-ma(V/VI) -lidhulumu -yadhulumu ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kidhulumu -vidhulumu n(IX/X) -idhulumu -zidhulumu u(XI) -udhulumu see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kudhulumu pa(XVI) -padhulumu mu(XVIII) -mudhulumu Reflexive -jidhulumu
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -dhulumu- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -dhulumuye -dhulumuo m-mi(III/IV) -dhulumuo -dhulumuyo ji-ma(V/VI) -dhulumulo -dhulumuyo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -dhulumucho -dhulumuvyo n(IX/X) -dhulumuyo -dhulumuzo u(XI) -dhulumuo see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -dhulumuko pa(XVI) -dhulumupo mu(XVIII) -dhulumumo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -dhulumu) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yedhulumu -odhulumu m-mi(III/IV) -odhulumu -yodhulumu ji-ma(V/VI) -lodhulumu -yodhulumu ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chodhulumu -vyodhulumu n(IX/X) -yodhulumu -zodhulumu u(XI) -odhulumu see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kodhulumu pa(XVI) -podhulumu mu(XVIII) -modhulumu
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Related terms

• dhuluma (“injustice, oppression”)