dhoofu

Swahili

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic ضَعُفَ (ḍaʕufa).

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-dhoofu (infinitive kudhoofu)

1. to become feeble, weak

Conjugation

Conjugation of -dhoofu
Positive present -nadhoofu Subjunctive -dhoofu Negative -dhoofu Imperative singular dhoofu
Infinitives
Positive kudhoofu Negative kutodhoofu
Imperatives
Singular dhoofu Plural dhoofuni
Tensed forms
Habitual hudhoofu Positive past positive subject concord + -lidhoofu Negative past negative subject concord + -kudhoofu
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nadhoofu) Singular Plural 1st person ninadhoofu/nadhoofu tunadhoofu 2nd person unadhoofu mnadhoofu 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anadhoofu wanadhoofu other classes positive subject concord + -nadhoofu
Negative present (negative subject concord + -dhoofu) Singular Plural 1st person sidhoofu hatudhoofu 2nd person hudhoofu hamdhoofu 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hadhoofu hawadhoofu other classes negative subject concord + -dhoofu
Positive future positive subject concord + -tadhoofu Negative future negative subject concord + -tadhoofu
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -dhoofu) Singular Plural 1st person nidhoofu tudhoofu 2nd person udhoofu mdhoofu 3rd person m-wa(I/II) adhoofu wadhoofu other classes positive subject concord + -dhoofu
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sidhoofu Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngedhoofu Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singedhoofu Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalidhoofu Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalidhoofu
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -adhoofu) Singular Plural 1st person nadhoofu twadhoofu 2nd person wadhoofu mwadhoofu 3rd person m-wa(I/II) adhoofu wadhoofu m-mi(III/IV) wadhoofu yadhoofu ji-ma(V/VI) ladhoofu yadhoofu ki-vi(VII/VIII) chadhoofu vyadhoofu n(IX/X) yadhoofu zadhoofu u(XI) wadhoofu see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwadhoofu pa(XVI) padhoofu mu(XVIII) mwadhoofu
Perfect positive subject concord + -medhoofu "Already" positive subject concord + -meshadhoofu "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jadhoofu "If/When" positive subject concord + -kidhoofu "If not" positive subject concord + -sipodhoofu Consecutive kadhoofu / positive subject concord + -kadhoofu Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kadhoofu
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nidhoofu -tudhoofu 2nd person -kudhoofu -wadhoofu/-kudhoofuni/-wadhoofuni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mdhoofu -wadhoofu m-mi(III/IV) -udhoofu -idhoofu ji-ma(V/VI) -lidhoofu -yadhoofu ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kidhoofu -vidhoofu n(IX/X) -idhoofu -zidhoofu u(XI) -udhoofu see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kudhoofu pa(XVI) -padhoofu mu(XVIII) -mudhoofu Reflexive -jidhoofu
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -dhoofu- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -dhoofuye -dhoofuo m-mi(III/IV) -dhoofuo -dhoofuyo ji-ma(V/VI) -dhoofulo -dhoofuyo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -dhoofucho -dhoofuvyo n(IX/X) -dhoofuyo -dhoofuzo u(XI) -dhoofuo see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -dhoofuko pa(XVI) -dhoofupo mu(XVIII) -dhoofumo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -dhoofu) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yedhoofu -odhoofu m-mi(III/IV) -odhoofu -yodhoofu ji-ma(V/VI) -lodhoofu -yodhoofu ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chodhoofu -vyodhoofu n(IX/X) -yodhoofu -zodhoofu u(XI) -odhoofu see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kodhoofu pa(XVI) -podhoofu mu(XVIII) -modhoofu
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Causative: -dhoofisha (“weaken”)
  • Stative: -dhoofika

Related terms

• dhaifu (“weak, faint, feeble; deficient, junky, shabby”)