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deren

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Deren, dereń, and Dereń

Basque

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Noun

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deren

  1. genitive indefinite of de

Dutch

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Etymology

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From Middle Dutch dēren, from Old Dutch deren, from Proto-West Germanic *darjan.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈdeːrə(n)/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: de‧ren
  • Rhymes: -eːrən

Verb

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deren

  1. (transitive) to harm

Conjugation

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Conjugation of deren (weak)
infinitive deren
past singular deerde
past participle gedeerd
infinitive deren
gerund deren n
present tense past tense
1st person singular deer deerde
2nd person sing. (jij) deert, deer2 deerde
2nd person sing. (u) deert deerde
2nd person sing. (gij) deert deerde
3rd person singular deert deerde
plural deren deerden
subjunctive sing.1 dere deerde
subjunctive plur.1 deren deerden
imperative sing. deer
imperative plur.1 deert
participles derend gedeerd
1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion.
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Galician

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Verb

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deren

  1. third-person plural future subjunctive of dar

German

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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deren (relative or demonstrative)

  1. inflection of der:
    1. genitive feminine singular
    2. genitive plural
    3. (relative) whose, of which
    4. (demonstrative) her, their, the latter's

Usage notes

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Among unexercised users of formal standard German, one can frequently read or hear dessen when deren would be correct (or occasionally vice versa), since either of these forms is missing in some vernaculars.

General guidelines for derer vs. deren

Derer is used:
1) When following a noun
Programme, im Rahmen dererPrograms, in the framework of which
2) When referring to a subject later in the sentence
Das Schicksal derer, die gelitten habenThe fate of those who have suffered
Deren is used:
1) Before a noun
Kinder, deren Eltern getrennt lebenChildren whose parents live separately
Programme, in deren RahmenPrograms, in the framework of which
2) When used as a partitive genitive (such usage is often replaced by von denen or davon)
Es sind deren vieleThere are many of them
Zwei Schwestern, deren nur eine von der anderen weißTwo sisters, of whom only one knows of the other
Otherwise, both derer and deren are used.
Die Verbrechen, deren / derer sie beschuldigt wurdeThe crimes of which she was accused
Die Zeitspanne, außerhalb deren / dererThe time span outside of which

When used in a series of nouns, deren refers back to the noun immediately proceeding it. Consider these sentences:

Sie haben ihre Freunde und ihren Sohn eingeladen.
They have invited their friends and their son.

vs.

Sie haben ihre Freunde und deren Sohn eingeladen.
They have invited their friends and their (friends') son.

The first sentence relates that the inviting family has a son; thus, they invite friends and that son. In the second sentence, the family invites their friends and a son of the invited family. Compare this behaviour with Ukrainian свій and Ukrainian possessive pronouns:

Вони запросили своїх друзів і свого сина.

vs.

Вони запросили своїх друзів і їхнього сина.

Declension

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Declension of der
masculine feminine neuter plural
nominative der die das die
genitive dessen deren
derer
dessen deren
derer
dative dem der dem denen
accusative den die das die

Further reading

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  • “Demonstrativ­­pronomen: „deren“ oder „derer“?”, in Duden[1], 2024 August (last accessed), archived from the original on 2021-10-21
  • Dr. Bopp (2018) “Zwei Wörter, aufgrund deren/derer manche ins Zweifeln geraten”, in Leo (the blog)[2] (in German), archived from the original on 2020-08-26, retrieved August 2024

Middle Dutch

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Etymology

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From Old Dutch deren, from Proto-West Germanic *darjan.

Verb

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dēren

  1. to harm, to hurt
  2. to hurt emotionally
  3. to damage

Inflection

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Weak
Infinitive dēren
3rd sg. past
3rd pl. past
Past participle
Infinitive dēren
In genitive dērens
In dative dērene
Indicative Present Past
1st singular dēre
2nd singular dēers, dēres
3rd singular dēert, dēret
1st plural dēren
2nd plural dēert, dēret
3rd plural dēren
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular dēre
2nd singular dēers, dēres
3rd singular dēre
1st plural dēren
2nd plural dēert, dēret
3rd plural dēren
Imperative Present
Singular dēer, dēre
Plural dēert, dēret
Present Past
Participle dērende

Alternative forms

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Descendants

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  • Dutch: deren
  • Limburgish: dere, dieëre

Further reading

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Old Dutch

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Etymology

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From Proto-West Germanic *darjan.

Verb

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deren

  1. to harm, to hurt
    • Rhinelandic Rhyming Bible, early 12th century;
      Unson lichamen maht tu daren, the sielen solen zo genathen uaren.
      You can hurt our bodies, the souls will go to (the state of) grace.
  2. to damage

Inflection

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Descendants

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See also

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Further reading

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  • deren”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Sora

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Etymology

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de + -ren ("forest")

Pronunciation

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Noun

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deren

  1. horn