ciężar

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Polish

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Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Etymology

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From ciążyć +‎ -ar,[1][2] originally from the Masovian dialect,[3] or possibly inherited from Proto-Slavic *tęžarъ.[4] First attested in 1551.[5]

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈt͡ɕɛw̃.ʐar/, /ˈt͡ɕɛn.ʐar/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɛw̃ʐar
  • Syllabification: cię‧żar

Noun

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ciężar m inan (related adjective ciężarowy)

  1. (uncountable) weight (force an object exerts on the object it is on due to gravitation)
    Synonyms: ciężkość, waga
  2. (chiefly in the plural) weight, load, burden (something that weighs much)
    Synonym: brzemię
  3. (uncountable) burden, load (cause of worry; that which is grievous, wearisome, or oppressive)
    Synonyms: brzemię, troska, udręka
  4. (countable) burden (difficult obligations)
    Synonyms: brzemię, powinność, trud
  5. (chiefly in the plural, literary) charge, burden, duty (legally regulated need to fulfill specific obligations, most often financial, towards the state or some institution)
    Synonyms: obowiązek, powinność
  6. (in the plural, colloquial, sports) weightlifting
    Synonym: podnoszenie ciężarów
  7. (obsolete, countable) burden, duty (moral obligation)
  8. (obsolete, uncountable) worry, concern
    Synonym: zmartwienie
  9. (Middle Polish) weight; Further details are uncertain.
    • 1588, A. Calepinus, Dictionarium decem linguarum[1], page 464b:
      Gravitas ‒ Cżięząr.
      [Gravitas ‒ ciężar.]

Declension

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Derived terms

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adjectives
nouns
prepositions
verbs
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adjectives
adverb
nouns
verbs

Descendants

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  • Kashubian: cãżôr
  • Silesian: ciynżŏr
  • Slovincian: cãżor

References

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  1. ^ Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965) “ciężar”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
  2. ^ Mańczak, Witold (2017) “ciężar”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
  3. ^ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “ciężar”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
  4. ^ Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “ciężar”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
  5. ^ Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “ciężar”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

Further reading

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