boc

See also: Appendix:Variations of "boc"

Catalan

Etymology 1

Pre-Roman, possibly from Old High German boc, from Proto-Germanic *bukkaz, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuǵ-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈbok]

Noun

boc m (plural bocs)

1. buck, he-goat, male goat

   Synonym: cabró

Derived terms

• boc expiatori
• boquet

Etymology 2

Borrowed from German Bock.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈbɔk]

Noun

boc m (plural bocs)

1. pint glass, half-liter jug

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɔk/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

boc m (plural bocs)

1. (Norman dialect) type of horse-drawn carriage

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish boc (“he-goat”) (compare modern poc), from Proto-Celtic *bukkos.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bˠok/, [bˠʌk], [bˠɔk]

Noun

boc m (genitive singular boic, nominative plural boic)

1. fellow, bloke, guy, dude
2. (archaic) buck, he-goat

Declension

Declension of boc (first declension)

bare forms case singular plural nominative boc boic vocative a bhoic a bhoca genitive boic boc dative boc boic forms with the definite article case singular plural nominative an boc na boic genitive an bhoic na mboc dative leis an mboc don bhoc leis na boic

Synonyms

• (buck, he-goat): poc

Derived terms

• boc mór
• boc seó

Mutation

Mutated forms of boc

radical	lenition	eclipsis
boc	bhoc	mboc

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “boc”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Middle Dutch

Etymology

Inherited from Old Dutch buc

Noun

boc m

1. buck, billygoat, he-goat, male goat

Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Alternative forms

• buc

Descendants

• Dutch: bok (see there for further descendants)
• Limburgish: bók
• West Flemish: buk

Further reading

• “boc”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “buc (II)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page buc

Middle English

Noun

boc

1. Alternative form of bok

Old English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /boːk/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *bōks, whence also Old Frisian bōk (West Frisian boek), Old Saxon bōk (Low German Book), Dutch boek, Old High German buoh (German Buch), Old Norse bók (Danish bog, Norwegian bok), Swedish bok), Gothic 𐌱𐍉𐌺𐌰 (bōka). The Germanic root is often taken to be related to the word for beech, the wood of rune-tablets.

Noun

bōc f

1. book
   • c. 995, Ælfric, Excerptiones de Arte Grammatica Anglice

     Littera is stæf on englisċ and is sē lǣsta dǣl on bōcum and untōdǣledlīċ.

     Littera means letter in [Old] English and is the indivisible smallest part of books.

Declension

Strong consonant stem:

	singular	plural
nominative	bōc	bēċ
accusative	bōc	bēċ
genitive	bēċ, bōce	bōca
dative	bēċ	bōcum

Derived terms

• ǣbōc (“lawbook”)
• bōchūs (“library”)
• bōclīċ (“booklike, bookly”)
• bōcstæf (“letter”)
• dōmbōc (“lawbook”)
• ġerīmbōc (“calendar”)
• handbōc (“handbook, manual”)
• lǣċebōc (“medicine, recipe book”)
• landbōc (“charter”)
• mæssebōc (“missal”)
• nambōc (“register”)
• rīmbōc (“calendar”)
• *wordbōc (“dictionary”)

Descendants

• Middle English: bok, boc, boke, book, booke, buk, buke
  • English: book (see there for further descendants)
  • Geordie English: buik, beuk
  • Scots: buik, beuk, buke, beuck
  • Yola: buke

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *bōkō.

Noun

bōc f

1. beech

   Synonyms: bōctrēow, bēċe

Declension

Strong ō-stem:

	singular	plural
nominative	bōc	bōca, bōce
accusative	bōce	bōca, bōce
genitive	bōce	bōca
dative	bōce	bōcum

Old High German

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *bukk, from Proto-Germanic *bukkaz, whence also Old English buc, Old Norse bukkr; from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuǵ- (“ram”).

Noun

boc m

1. buck, male deer

Descendants

• German: Bock

Old Irish

Alternative forms

• bocc

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *bukkos.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [bok]

Noun

boc m (genitive buic, nominative plural buic)

1. he-goat
   • c. 850-875, Turin Glosses and Scholia on St Mark, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 484–94, Tur. 110c

     Ba bés leusom do·bertis dá boc leu dochum tempuil, ⁊ no·léicthe indala n‑ái fon díthrub co pecad in popuil, ⁊ do·bertis maldachta foir, ⁊ n⟨o⟩·oircthe didiu and ó popul tar cenn a pecthae ind aile.

     It was a custom with them that two he-goats were brought by them to the temple, and one of the two of them was let go to the wilderness with the sin of the people, and curses were put upon him, and thereupon the other was slain there by the people for their sins.

Declension

Masculine o-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	boc, bocc	bocL, bocc	buic(c)L
Vocative	buic(c)	bocL, bocc	buccuH
Accusative	bocN, bocc	bocL, bocc	buccuH
Genitive	buic(c)L	boc, bocc	bocN, bocc
Dative	buc(c)L	bocaib	bocaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Irish: boc
• Scottish Gaelic: boc

Mutation

Mutation of boc

radical	lenition	nasalization
boc	boc pronounced with /β(ʲ)-/	mboc

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 boc”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Old Saxon

Noun

boc f

1. Alternative spelling of bok

Romanian

Etymology

Unknown.

Noun

boc n (plural bocuri)

1. sound of a hammer

Declension

	singular			plural
	indefinite	definite		indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	boc	bocul		bocuri	bocurile
genitive-dative	boc	bocului		bocuri	bocurilor
vocative	bocule			bocurilor

References

• boc in Academia Română, Micul dicționar academic, ediția a II-a, Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 2010. →ISBN

Scottish Gaelic

Pronunciation

• (Lewis) IPA^(key): /b̥ɔʰk/
• (Uist) IPA^(key): /b̥ɔxk/
• (Skye, Wester Ross) IPA^(key): /b̥oxk/
• Homophone: bochd (some accents)

Etymology 1

Inherited from Middle Irish boc, from Old Irish boc, poc(c) (“he-goat”), from Proto-Celtic *bukkos.

Noun

boc m (genitive singular buic, plural buic)

1. buck, roebuck
2. billygoat, he-goat, male goat

Derived terms

• boc glas (“large dogfish; shark”)
• boc-Bealltainn (“wild or unmanageable entire horse”)
• boc-caol
• boc-cluigeineach (“bell-wether”)
• boc-dheamhan (“satyr”)
• boc-dubh Innseanach (“Indian blackbuck”)
• boc-earba
• boc-gobhai
• boc-goibhre (“he-goat, billy goat”)
• boc-maighich (“buck-hare”)
• boc-roin (“prawn; shrimp”)
• boc-ruadh
• boc-saic (“snipe”)
• boc-seang
• bocan (“small buck”)
• fear-boc (“roebuck”)
• laos-boc (“castrated goat, wether goat”)

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

boc (past bhoc, future bocaidh, verbal noun bocadh, past participle bocte)

1. bounce, leap / jump (up and down), skip
2. prance
3. flutter

Derived terms

• boc-thonn (“breaker (wave)”)

Noun

boc m

1. deceit, fraud
2. blow, box, stroke

Further reading

• Edward Dwelly (1911) “boc”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎^[2], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN