Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bukkaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *bukkô

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰuǵ-ko-s, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuǵ- (“goat, buck, ram”). Cognate with Proto-Celtic *bukkos (“goat”), Old Armenian բուծ (buc, “lamb”), Persian بز (boz, “goat”), Avestan 𐬠𐬏𐬰𐬀 (būza, “ram”), Sanskrit बुख (bukha, “male goat”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbuk.kɑz/

Noun

*bukkaz m

1. buck

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *bukkaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*bukkaz	*bukkōz, *bukkōs
vocative	*bukk	*bukkōz, *bukkōs
accusative	*bukką	*bukkanz
genitive	*bukkas, *bukkis	*bukkǫ̂
dative	*bukkai	*bukkamaz
instrumental	*bukkō	*bukkamiz

Related terms

• *bukkô

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *bukk
  • Old English: bucc, buc
    • Middle English: bukke, bucke, buk, bocke, bucce, boke, buc
      • English: buck
      • Scots: buk, buke, buik
      • Yola: buch
  • Old Frisian: *buk, *bok
    • Saterland Frisian: Buk
    • West Frisian: bok
  • Old Saxon: bukk, buk
    • Middle Low German: buk, buck, bok
      • Low German: Buck
  • Old Dutch: buc
    • Middle Dutch: boc, buc
      • Dutch: bok (see there for further descendants)
      • Limburgish: bók
      • West Flemish: buk
  • Old High German: buk, buc, bok, boch, poch
    • Middle High German: boc
      • German: Bock
      • Luxembourgish: Bock
    • ⇒ Old High German: steinbok
      • Middle High German: steinboc
        • → Italian: stambecco
      • → Dutch: steenbok
        • Afrikaans: steenbok
          • → English: steenbok
      • → Old French: estainbouc, boc estaign
        • Middle French: boucquin, bukestein, boucastain, bouquestain
          • Middle French: bouquin, bouquetin
            • French: bouquin, bouquetin
            • → English: bouquetin
  • → Medieval Latin: buccus (confluence with Gaulish *bukkos) (see there for further descendants)
• Old Norse: bukkr, bokkr
  • Icelandic: bukkur, bokkur
  • Faroese: bukkur
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: bukk; (dialectal) bukk’e
  • Old Swedish: bukker, bokker
    • Swedish: bock
    • → Finnish: pukki
  • Danish: buk
    • Norwegian Bokmål: bukk