beita

See also: bēità and bèitǎ

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpeiːta/

  Rhymes: -eiːta

Etymology 1

From Old Norse beita, from Proto-Germanic *baitijaną.

Verb

beita (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative beitti, supine beitt)

1. (fishing) to bait a fishing line [with accusative]

   Synonym: egna

2. (fishing) to use as bait on a fishhook [with dative]

   Að beita maðki.

   To use a worm as bait.

3. to put to pasture, to put out to graze, to have animals feed on the land [with dative]

   Synonym: láta á beit

   Að beita kindum.

   To put sheep out to graze.

4. to employ, to use, to handle a tool or method [with dative]

   Synonym: nota

5. (nautical) to sail by beating (sail into the wind at an angle)

Conjugation

beita – active voice (germynd)

infinitive nafnháttur		að beita
supine sagnbót		beitt
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		beitandi
		indicative framsöguháttur			subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
		present nútíð	past þátíð		present nútíð	past þátíð
singular	ég	beiti	beitti		beiti	beitti
	þú	beitir	beittir		beitir	beittir
	hann, hún, það	beitir	beitti		beiti	beitti
plural	við	beitum	beittum		beitum	beittum
	þið	beitið	beittuð		beitið	beittuð
	þeir, þær, þau	beita	beittu		beiti	beittu
		imperative boðháttur
singular	þú	beit (þú), beittu
plural	þið	beitið (þið), beitiði1

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

beitast – mediopassive voice (miðmynd)

infinitive nafnháttur		að beitast
supine sagnbót		beist
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		beitandist (rare; see appendix)
		indicative framsöguháttur			subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
		present nútíð	past þátíð		present nútíð	past þátíð
singular	ég	beitist	beittist		beitist	beittist
	þú	beitist	beittist		beitist	beittist
	hann, hún, það	beitist	beittist		beitist	beittist
plural	við	beitumst	beittumst		beitumst	beittumst
	þið	beitist	beittust		beitist	beittust
	þeir, þær, þau	beitast	beittust		beitist	beittust
		imperative boðháttur
singular	þú	beist (þú), beistu
plural	þið	beitist (þið), beitisti1

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

beittur — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)

strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	beittur	beitt	beitt	beittir	beittar	beitt
accusative (þolfall)	beittan	beitta	beitt	beitta	beittar	beitt
dative (þágufall)	beittum	beittri	beittu	beittum	beittum	beittum
genitive (eignarfall)	beitts	beittrar	beitts	beittra	beittra	beittra
weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	beitti	beitta	beitta	beittu	beittu	beittu
accusative (þolfall)	beitta	beittu	beitta	beittu	beittu	beittu
dative (þágufall)	beitta	beittu	beitta	beittu	beittu	beittu
genitive (eignarfall)	beitta	beittu	beitta	beittu	beittu	beittu

Derived terms

• beita brögðum (“to resort to a ruse, to use cunning”)
• beita hörðu (“to use violence”)
• beita órétti (“to do an injustice”)
• beita sig hörðu

Etymology 2

Noun

beita f (genitive singular beitu, nominative plural beitur)

1. bait

   Synonym: agn

Declension

Declension of beita (feminine)

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	beita	beitan	beitur	beiturnar
accusative	beitu	beituna	beitur	beiturnar
dative	beitu	beitunni	beitum	beitunum
genitive	beitu	beitunnar	beita	beitanna

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

• beitene (of noun)
• beitet (of verb)

Noun

beita n pl

1. definite plural of beite

Verb

beita

1. simple past of beite
2. past participle of beite

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

• beite

Etymology

From Old Norse beita (“make bite”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²bɛɪːta/

Verb

beita (present tense beitar/beiter, past tense beita/beitte, past participle beita/beitt, passive infinitive beitast, present participle beitande, imperative beita/beit)

1. graze (eat grass from a pasture)

   Om sumaren er dyra ute og beiter.

   The animals are outdoors and grazing during the summer.

Noun

beita n pl

1. definite plural of beite

References

• “beita” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Norse

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *baitijaną. Causative of bíta.

Verb

beita (singular past indicative beitti, plural past indicative beittu, past participle beittr)

1. (intransitive) to graze
2. (transitive) to allow, let, make bite
   1. to feed (livestock) [with dative]
   2. to attack with a cutting instrument; to use as a weapon [with dative]
3. (by extension, nautical) to steer or sail near the wind; to cruise
4. (hunting) to hunt [with accusative ‘someone/something’ and dative ‘with dogs or hawks’]
5. to yoke to (of horse or cattle)

Conjugation

Conjugation of beita — active (weak class 1)

infinitive	beita
present participle	beitandi
past participle	beittr
	indicative			subjunctive
	present	past		present	past
1st person singular	beiti	beitta		beita	beitta
2nd person singular	beitir	beittir		beitir	beittir
3rd person singular	beitir	beitti		beiti	beitti
1st person plural	beitum	beittum		beitim	beittim
2nd person plural	beitið	beittuð		beitið	beittið
3rd person plural	beita	beittu		beiti	beitti
imperative	present
2nd person singular	beit, beiti
1st person plural	beitum
2nd person plural	beitið

Conjugation of beita — mediopassive (weak class 1)

infinitive	beitask
present participle	beitandisk
past participle	beizk
	indicative			subjunctive
	present	past		present	past
1st person singular	beitumk	beittumk		beitumk	beittumk
2nd person singular	beitisk	beittisk		beitisk	beittisk
3rd person singular	beitisk	beittisk		beitisk	beittisk
1st person plural	beitumsk	beittumsk		beitimsk	beittimsk
2nd person plural	beitizk	beittuzk		beitizk	beittizk
3rd person plural	beitask	beittusk		beitisk	beittisk
imperative	present
2nd person singular	beizk, beitisk
1st person plural	beitumsk
2nd person plural	beitizk

Descendants

• Icelandic: beita
• Norwegian Nynorsk: beita, beite
• Norwegian Bokmål: beite
• Danish: bede
• → Middle English: bayten, bayte, baite, beyton, baiten, beiten, beȝȝtenn
  • English: bait
  • Scots: bait

Noun

beita f (genitive beitu)

1. (fishing) a bait

   Synonym: agn

Declension

Declension of beita (weak ōn-stem)

feminine	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	beita	beitan	beitur	beiturnar
accusative	beitu	beituna	beitur	beiturnar
dative	beitu	beitunni	beitum	beitunum
genitive	beitu	beitunnar	beita	beitanna

Descendants

• Icelandic: beita
• Norwegian Nynorsk: beite
• → Middle English: bayte, bait, beite, baite, beyte, beit
  • English: bait
  • Scots: bait

Etymology 2

Noun

beita

1. indefinite genitive plural of beit
2. indefinite genitive plural of beit
3. indefinite genitive plural of beiti

Further reading

• Richard Cleasby, Guðbrandur Vigfússon (1874) “beita”, in An Icelandic-English Dictionary, 1st edition, Oxford: Oxford Clarendon Press, page 56
• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “beita1”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive
• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “beita2”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

Volapük

Noun

beita

1. genitive singular of beit

Zou

Noun

beita

1. end

References

• http://www.languageinindia.com/feb2013/zouphonologyfinal.pdf