atrever

Galician

Verb

atrever (first-person singular present atrevo, first-person singular preterite atrevín, past participle atrevido)
atrever (first-person singular present atrevo, first-person singular preterite atrevim or atrevi, past participle atrevido, reintegrationist norm)

1. (reflexive) to dare

   Synonyms: afoutar, ousar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of atrever

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	atrever
Personal	atrever	atreveres	atrever	atrevermos	atreverdes	atreveren
Gerund
	atrevendo
Past participle
Masculine	atrevido			atrevidos
Feminine	atrevida			atrevidas
Indicative
Present	atrevo	atreves	atreve	atrevemos	atrevedes	atreven
Imperfect	atrevía	atrevías	atrevía	atreviamos	atreviades	atrevían
Preterite	atrevín	atreviches	atreveu	atrevemos	atrevestes	atreveron
Pluperfect	atrevera	atreveras	atrevera	atreveramos	atreverades	atreveran
Future	atreverei	atreverás	atreverá	atreveremos	atreveredes	atreverán
Conditional	atrevería	atreverías	atrevería	atreveriamos	atreveriades	atreverían
Subjunctive
Present	atreva	atrevas	atreva	atrevamos	atrevades	atrevan
Imperfect	atrevese	atreveses	atrevese	atrevésemos	atrevésedes	atrevesen
Future	atrever	atreveres	atrever	atrevermos	atreverdes	atreveren
Imperative
Affirmative		atreve	atreva	atrevamos	atrevede	atrevan
Negative (non)		non atrevas	non atreva	non atrevamos	non atrevades	non atrevan

    Reintegrated conjugation of atrever (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	atrever
Personal	atrever	atreveres	atrever	atrevermos	atreverdes	atreverem
Gerund
	atrevendo
Past participle
Masculine	atrevido			atrevidos
Feminine	atrevida			atrevidas
Indicative
Present	atrevo	atreves	atreve	atrevemos	atrevedes, atreveis	atrevem
Imperfect	atrevia	atrevias	atrevia	atrevíamos	atrevíades, atrevíeis, atrevíais1	atreviam
Preterite	atrevim, atrevi	atreveste, atreveche1	atreveu	atrevemos	atrevestes	atrevêrom, atreveram
Pluperfect	atrevera	atreveras	atrevera	atrevêramos	atrevêrades, atrevêreis, atrevêrais1	atreveram
Future	atreverei	atreverás	atreverá	atreveremos	atreveredes, atrevereis	atreverám, atreverão
Conditional	atreveria	atreverias	atreveria	atreveríamos	atreveríades, atreveríeis, atreveríais1	atreveriam
Subjunctive
Present	atreva	atrevas	atreva	atrevamos	atrevades, atrevais	atrevam
Imperfect	atrevesse	atrevesses	atrevesse	atrevêssemos	atrevêssedes, atrevêsseis	atrevessem
Future	atrever	atreveres	atrever	atrevermos	atreverdes	atreverem
Imperative
Affirmative		atreve	atreva	atrevamos	atrevede, atrevei	atrevam
Negative (nom)		nom atrevas	nom atreva	nom atrevamos	nom atrevades, nom atrevais	nom atrevam

¹Less recommended.

Further reading

• “atrever”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
• “atrever” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).

Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese atrever, from Latin attribuere. Doublet of atribuir.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /a.tɾeˈve(ʁ)/ [a.tɾeˈve(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /a.tɾeˈve(ʁ)/ [a.tɾeˈve(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /a.tɾeˈve(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /a.tɾeˈve(ʁ)/ [a.tɾeˈve(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /a.tɾeˈve(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐ.tɾɨˈveɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐ.tɾɨˈveɾ/
  • (Northern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐ.tɾɨˈbeɾ/ [ɐ.tɾɨˈβeɾ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐ.tɾɨˈve.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: a‧tre‧ver

Verb

atrever (first-person singular present atrevo, first-person singular preterite atrevi, past participle atrevido)

1. (reflexive) to dare

   Não te atrevas! ― Don't you dare!

   Como te atreves? ― How dare you?

Conjugation

    Conjugation of atrever (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	atrever
Personal	atrever	atreveres	atrever	atrevermos	atreverdes	atreverem
Gerund
	atrevendo
Past participle
Masculine	atrevido			atrevidos
Feminine	atrevida			atrevidas
Indicative
Present	atrevo	atreves	atreve	atrevemos	atreveis	atrevem
Imperfect	atrevia	atrevias	atrevia	atrevíamos	atrevíeis	atreviam
Preterite	atrevi	atreveste	atreveu	atrevemos	atrevestes	atreveram
Pluperfect	atrevera	atreveras	atrevera	atrevêramos	atrevêreis	atreveram
Future	atreverei	atreverás	atreverá	atreveremos	atrevereis	atreverão
Conditional	atreveria	atreverias	atreveria	atreveríamos	atreveríeis	atreveriam
Subjunctive
Present	atreva	atrevas	atreva	atrevamos	atrevais	atrevam
Imperfect	atrevesse	atrevesses	atrevesse	atrevêssemos	atrevêsseis	atrevessem
Future	atrever	atreveres	atrever	atrevermos	atreverdes	atreverem
Imperative
Affirmative		atreve	atreva	atrevamos	atrevei	atrevam
Negative (não)		não atrevas	não atreva	não atrevamos	não atrevais	não atrevam

Derived terms

• atrevido (adjective)

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Latin attribuō (“associate, assign, allot, appoint”), from Latin tribuō (“grant, yield”). Doublet of atribuir (“attribute”). Compare English attribute. Also cf. Old Spanish trever, which was the normal form during the Middle Ages. Cognate with Arabic إجترء (“to dare”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /atɾeˈbeɾ/ [a.t̪ɾeˈβ̞eɾ]
• Rhymes: -eɾ
• Syllabification: a‧tre‧ver

Verb

atrever (first-person singular present atrevo, first-person singular preterite atreví, past participle atrevido)

1. (obsolete) to embolden
2. (reflexive, with a) to dare

   Synonym: osar

   No te atrevas a mentirme.

   Don't you dare lie to me.

   No me atrevería jamás a contradecirla siempre que ella estuviera en un lugar desde el que aún me pudiera escuchar.

   I would never dare to contradict her while she was somewhere she could still hear me.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of atrever (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			atrever
gerund			atreviendo
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		atrevido		atrevida
		plural		atrevidos		atrevidas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	atrevo	atrevestú atrevésvos	atreve	atrevemos	atrevéis	atreven
	imperfect	atrevía	atrevías	atrevía	atrevíamos	atrevíais	atrevían
	preterite	atreví	atreviste	atrevió	atrevimos	atrevisteis	atrevieron
	future	atreveré	atreverás	atreverá	atreveremos	atreveréis	atreverán
	conditional	atrevería	atreverías	atrevería	atreveríamos	atreveríais	atreverían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	atreva	atrevastú atrevásvos2	atreva	atrevamos	atreváis	atrevan
	imperfect (ra)	atreviera	atrevieras	atreviera	atreviéramos	atrevierais	atrevieran
	imperfect (se)	atreviese	atrevieses	atreviese	atreviésemos	atrevieseis	atreviesen
	future1	atreviere	atrevieres	atreviere	atreviéremos	atreviereis	atrevieren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		atrevetú atrevévos	atreva	atrevamos	atreved	atrevan
	negative		no atrevas	no atreva	no atrevamos	no atreváis	no atrevan

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of atrever

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive atrever	dative	atreverme	atreverte	atreverle, atreverse	atrevernos	atreveros	atreverles, atreverse
	accusative	atreverme	atreverte	atreverlo, atreverla, atreverse	atrevernos	atreveros	atreverlos, atreverlas, atreverse
with gerund atreviendo	dative	atreviéndome	atreviéndote	atreviéndole, atreviéndose	atreviéndonos	atreviéndoos	atreviéndoles, atreviéndose
	accusative	atreviéndome	atreviéndote	atreviéndolo, atreviéndola, atreviéndose	atreviéndonos	atreviéndoos	atreviéndolos, atreviéndolas, atreviéndose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative atreve	dative	atréveme	atrévete	atrévele	atrévenos	not used	atréveles
	accusative	atréveme	atrévete	atrévelo, atrévela	atrévenos	not used	atrévelos, atrévelas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative atrevé	dative	atreveme	atrevete	atrevele	atrevenos	not used	atreveles
	accusative	atreveme	atrevete	atrevelo, atrevela	atrevenos	not used	atrevelos, atrevelas
with formal second-person singular imperative atreva	dative	atrévame	not used	atrévale, atrévase	atrévanos	not used	atrévales
	accusative	atrévame	not used	atrévalo, atrévala, atrévase	atrévanos	not used	atrévalos, atrévalas
with first-person plural imperative atrevamos	dative	not used	atrevámoste	atrevámosle	atrevámonos	atrevámoos	atrevámosles
	accusative	not used	atrevámoste	atrevámoslo, atrevámosla	atrevámonos	atrevámoos	atrevámoslos, atrevámoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative atreved	dative	atrevedme	not used	atrevedle	atrevednos	atreveos	atrevedles
	accusative	atrevedme	not used	atrevedlo, atrevedla	atrevednos	atreveos	atrevedlos, atrevedlas
with formal second-person plural imperative atrevan	dative	atrévanme	not used	atrévanle	atrévannos	not used	atrévanles, atrévanse
	accusative	atrévanme	not used	atrévanlo, atrévanla	atrévannos	not used	atrévanlos, atrévanlas, atrévanse

Derived terms

• atrevido
• atrevimiento

Related terms

• atribuir
• atributo

Further reading

• “atrever”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10