arrufar

Catalan

Alternative forms

• arrufir

Etymology

Uncertain.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ə.ruˈfa]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [a.ruˈfaɾ]

Verb

arrufar (first-person singular present arrufo, first-person singular preterite arrufí, past participle arrufat)

1. (transitive) to wrinkle, to crinkle

   Synonym: arrugar

2. (pronominal) to stand on end, to bristle

Conjugation

    Conjugation of arrufar (first conjugation)

infinitive			arrufar
gerund			arrufant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		arrufat		arrufada
		plural		arrufats		arrufades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	arrufo	arrufes	arrufa	arrufem	arrufeu	arrufen
	imperfect	arrufava	arrufaves	arrufava	arrufàvem	arrufàveu	arrufaven
	future	arrufaré	arrufaràs	arrufarà	arrufarem	arrufareu	arrufaran
	preterite	arrufí	arrufares	arrufà	arrufàrem	arrufàreu	arrufaren
	conditional	arrufaria	arrufaries	arrufaria	arrufaríem	arrufaríeu	arrufarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	arrufi	arrufis	arrufi	arrufem	arrufeu	arrufin
	imperfect	arrufés	arrufessis	arrufés	arruféssim	arruféssiu	arrufessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	arrufa	arrufi	arrufem	arrufeu	arrufin
	negative (no)	—	no arrufis	no arrufi	no arrufem	no arrufeu	no arrufin

Derived terms

• arruf
• arrufada
• arrufament
• arrufar el nas
• arrufat
• rufa

 

Further reading

• “arrufar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Galician

Alternative forms

• rufar

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese arrufar (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria). Probably from a Germanic language: compare English ruffle, Icelandic hrufla.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aruˈfaɾ/

Verb

arrufar (first-person singular present arrufo, first-person singular preterite arrufei, past participle arrufado)

1. to incite; to embolden
2. (pronominal) to get cocky

Conjugation

    Conjugation of arrufar

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	arrufar
Personal	arrufar	arrufares	arrufar	arrufarmos	arrufardes	arrufaren
Gerund
	arrufando
Past participle
Masculine	arrufado			arrufados
Feminine	arrufada			arrufadas
Indicative
Present	arrufo	arrufas	arrufa	arrufamos	arrufades	arrufan
Imperfect	arrufaba	arrufabas	arrufaba	arrufabamos	arrufabades	arrufaban
Preterite	arrufei	arrufaches	arrufou	arrufamos	arrufastes	arrufaron
Pluperfect	arrufara	arrufaras	arrufara	arrufaramos	arrufarades	arrufaran
Future	arrufarei	arrufarás	arrufará	arrufaremos	arrufaredes	arrufarán
Conditional	arrufaría	arrufarías	arrufaría	arrufariamos	arrufariades	arrufarían
Subjunctive
Present	arrufe	arrufes	arrufe	arrufemos	arrufedes	arrufen
Imperfect	arrufase	arrufases	arrufase	arrufásemos	arrufásedes	arrufasen
Future	arrufar	arrufares	arrufar	arrufarmos	arrufardes	arrufaren
Imperative
Affirmative		arrufa	arrufe	arrufemos	arrufade	arrufen
Negative (non)		non arrufes	non arrufe	non arrufemos	non arrufedes	non arrufen

    Reintegrated conjugation of arrufar (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	arrufar
Personal	arrufar	arrufares	arrufar	arrufarmos	arrufardes	arrufarem
Gerund
	arrufando
Past participle
Masculine	arrufado			arrufados
Feminine	arrufada			arrufadas
Indicative
Present	arrufo	arrufas	arrufa	arrufamos	arrufades, arrufais	arrufam
Imperfect	arrufava	arrufavas	arrufava	arrufávamos	arrufávades, arrufáveis, arrufávais1	arrufavam
Preterite	arrufei	arrufaste, arrufache1	arrufou	arrufamos	arrufastes	arrufárom, arrufaram
Pluperfect	arrufara	arrufaras	arrufara	arrufáramos	arrufárades, arrufáreis, arrufárais1	arrufaram
Future	arrufarei	arrufarás	arrufará	arrufaremos	arrufaredes, arrufareis	arrufarám, arrufarão
Conditional	arrufaria	arrufarias	arrufaria	arrufaríamos	arrufaríades, arrufaríeis, arrufaríais1	arrufariam
Subjunctive
Present	arrufe	arrufes	arrufe	arrufemos	arrufedes, arrufeis	arrufem
Imperfect	arrufasse	arrufasses	arrufasse	arrufássemos	arrufássedes, arrufásseis	arrufassem
Future	arrufar	arrufares	arrufar	arrufarmos	arrufardes	arrufarem
Imperative
Affirmative		arrufa	arrufe	arrufemos	arrufade, arrufai	arrufem
Negative (nom)		nom arrufes	nom arrufe	nom arrufemos	nom arrufedes, nom arrufeis	nom arrufem

¹Less recommended.

Derived terms

• arrufado

Related terms

• rufo

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “arrufar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “arruf”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “arrufar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “arrufar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “arrufar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “arrufar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Portuguese

Etymology

Uncertain. Probably from Old Galician-Portuguese arrufar (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria). Probably from a Germanic language: compare English ruffle, Icelandic hrufla.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /a.ʁuˈfa(ʁ)/ [a.huˈfa(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /a.ʁuˈfa(ʁ)/ [a.huˈfa(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /a.ʁuˈfa(ɾ)/ [a.huˈfa(ɾ)]
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /a.ʁuˈfa(ʁ)/ [a.χuˈfa(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /a.ʁuˈfa(ɻ)/ [a.huˈfa(ɻ)]

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐ.ʁuˈfaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐ.ʁuˈfaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐ.ʁuˈfa.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: ar‧ru‧far

Verb

arrufar (first-person singular present arrufo, first-person singular preterite arrufei, past participle arrufado)

1. (transitive, reflexive) to anger (to become or cause someone to become angry)

   Synonyms: enraivecer, irritar, zangar, enervar

   Antonym: acalmar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of arrufar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	arrufar
Personal	arrufar	arrufares	arrufar	arrufarmos	arrufardes	arrufarem
Gerund
	arrufando
Past participle
Masculine	arrufado			arrufados
Feminine	arrufada			arrufadas
Indicative
Present	arrufo	arrufas	arrufa	arrufamos	arrufais	arrufam
Imperfect	arrufava	arrufavas	arrufava	arrufávamos	arrufáveis	arrufavam
Preterite	arrufei	arrufaste	arrufou	arrufamos1, arrufámos2	arrufastes	arrufaram
Pluperfect	arrufara	arrufaras	arrufara	arrufáramos	arrufáreis	arrufaram
Future	arrufarei	arrufarás	arrufará	arrufaremos	arrufareis	arrufarão
Conditional	arrufaria	arrufarias	arrufaria	arrufaríamos	arrufaríeis	arrufariam
Subjunctive
Present	arrufe	arrufes	arrufe	arrufemos	arrufeis	arrufem
Imperfect	arrufasse	arrufasses	arrufasse	arrufássemos	arrufásseis	arrufassem
Future	arrufar	arrufares	arrufar	arrufarmos	arrufardes	arrufarem
Imperative
Affirmative		arrufa	arrufe	arrufemos	arrufai	arrufem
Negative (não)		não arrufes	não arrufe	não arrufemos	não arrufeis	não arrufem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Related terms

• arrufo